Transporting anything through the mitochondrial membrane can be difficult. How do cells get Oxaloacetate in and out?

15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two…

How does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration of the citric acid cycle and electron transport?

______________ transfers carnitine from mitochondrial matrix to cytoplasm during the transport of fatty acid to mitochondria. Carnitine acyltransferase I CarnitineacyltransferaseII Transaminase Translocase Citric acid shuttle