Answered: MACS are donut-shaped protein complexes…

MACS are donut-shaped protein complexes of the complement system that create holes in bacterial cells to cause apoptosis.

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Immunity And Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQ: Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Virus-induced Immunosuppression

A: Immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune…

Q: Some Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize nucleic acids, like RNA or DNA. Since our own…

A: The immune system is an important organ system in the body that plays a role in defense against…

Q: HIV requires an enzyme called ______________ to convert its RNA genome to a DNA version. Why is this…

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the body’s immune system threatening life with opportunistic…

Q: Fever is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from release of pyrogens triggered by mast cells…

A: Fever is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from release of pyrogens triggered by…

Q: Refer to the following illustration to answer the question. V2 S Rearranged DNA in B lymphocyte V250…

A: DNA is the genetic molecule which carries genetic information .

Q: True or false: RNA is conserved mechanism in eukaryotes. SDS is an uncharged detergent…

A: RNA or ribonucleic acid is the genetic material found in some living organisms, including some…

Q: The following process that occur inside of B-cell is antigen-independent V-DJ rearrangement D-J…

A: B cells are also known as B lymphocytes are important immune cells that are developed and matured in…

Q: Gene region/segment which dictates the antibody class formed by a given B cell. Heavy Chain C exons…

A: Antibodies are the immunoglobins, i.e. Y Y-shaped proteins used by the immune system to respond to…

Q: Lyme disease is a tick vectored disease which may lead to neuropathy in undiagnosed cases. The…

A: Answers: 1) Diabetic patients are at higher risk for bacterial infection compared to non-diabetic…

Q: The complement system Group of answer choices All of these are actions of complement uses chemotaxis…

A: The complement system (complement cascade) enhances the immune system by increasing the ability of…

Q: Sis is a chronic respiratory condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a highly contagious…

A: Immune system is an important aspect in the human body it mainly helps the body defend itself…

Q: Discuss how the complement proteins got their name.

A: About 20 types of soluble proteins that destroy the extracellular pathogens are called complement…

Q: Jane Doe is infected with HIV. One of her medications is acyclovir, which is a/an_____________drug…

A: HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) is a type of virus, which is transmitted from one person to…

Q: Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do…

A: In the destruction of pathogenic organisms by directing the antibodies towards the destruction of…

Q: All cells contain packets of a chemical called __________ which is released into the tissues when…

A: All cells contain packets of a chemical called __________ which is released into the tissues when…

Q: The receptors (TLRS and NLRS) phagocytes use to bind to foreign antigens are collectively called

A: Pattern recognition receptor: - The first source of defense against any pathogen is "Innate immune"…

Q: During the adaptive immune responses, the lymphocytes will clone themselves in massive numbers.…

A: DNA replication is the cycle by which DNA makes a duplicate of itself during cell division. The…

Q: During human development, the process by which an embryonic cell experiences changes in gene…

Q: SYstemic Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that target…

A: Autoimmune disease occurs when our immune system attacks our own body because it confuses it for…

Q: A table comparing the biological characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins is shown…

A: Immunoglobulins are also called as antibodies which are made by white blood cell (WBC)

Q: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect…

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS. This is…

Q: Some virulent bacteria become avirulent, or at least much less virulent, when a bacteriophage is…

A: Virulence is the ability of an organism to infect a host and result in a disease.

Q: Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process

A: The complement system also called the complement cascade comprises plasma proteins and other…

Q: Bacterial DNA will be recognized by innate immune cells though binding to: O TLR8 O TLR9 TLR2 TLR4

A: Innate Immunity: Immunity that is innate, or nonspecific, is a protective system that you were born…

Q: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect…

A: Step 1:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which when infects a person causes an…

Q: The innate immune system has to be able to detect foreign invaders. Explain two ways that the…

A: Step 1 The innate immune system is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: _____________ is an antiviral defense mechanism involving siRNA molecules.

A: Viruses are microscopic pathogenic organisms that replicate only when present inside a living cell.…

Q: The envelope protein gp120 (Glycoprotein 120) is required for the attachment of the HIV virus to CD…

A: CD4 receptor is Cluster of differentiation 4 which is a glycoprotein that serves as a co receptor…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of eukaryotic response elements (RE)? options: their distance…

A: Response elements are short sequences of DNA within a gene promoter or enhancer region that are able…

Q: This type of adaptive immunity in prokaryotes is built through acquisition and integration of short…

A: Introduction The adaptive immune system, is a subsystem of the immune system made up of specialized,…

Q: Anti-A antibody will react with cells with: a. A-Antigen O b.B-antigen OC. C-antigen d. D-antigen

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: INTRODUCTION Paroxymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria This is a life threatening disease caused by the…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is a rare disease that is caused by a mutation in bone…

Q: the importance of immune checkpoint therapy in detail in terms of basic immunology and human…

A: A sort of drug that represses the generation of proteins known as checkpoints by a few sorts of safe…

Q: the condition aplastic anemia is characterized by complete failure of the bone marrow to produce…

A: Bone marrow is the spongy substance found in the center of the bones of the body, in adults mainly…

Q: 1 J are a broad category of small protein mediators that are important in the immune system and have…

A: A Complex network of proteins and cells that prevents our body from harmful organisms and protect us…

Q: Reactivation of HSV-1 is induced by of the host.

A: We are answering First question only. For rest of question pls repost. The average person will…

Q: The genetic content of each somatic cell in an organism is the same, but not all genes are expressed…

A: Introduction :- Somatic cells are bodily cells that aren't sperm or egg cells (which are called germ…

Q: The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms.…

A: The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system component that…

Q: One of the first human proteins cloned was interferon. Why would it be important to be able to…

A: In addition to viral invasion, bacteria, and mycoplasma, a wide variety of cell types develop…

Q: |O Streptomyces. O Penicillium. QUESTION 39 Sulfonamides O block peptidases that cross-link glycan…

A: Sulfonamides are broad-spectrum antimicrobials that stop gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,…

Q: THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ATTACKS AND INFECTS T CELLS OF A HUMAN’S IMMUNE SYSTEM, THUS…

A: HIV virus causes a very challenging condition of targeting the immune cells of the body. The major…

Q: This term describes an antigen that is too small to be immunogenic, however it binds to proteins in…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells (APCS) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that mediate the cellular…

A: Antigen presenting cells are immune cells which have the responsibility of : - Detection Engulfing…

Q: The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by emhancing expression of…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Define the following terms: a. tus-ter complex b. chimera c. MHC antigens d. helices e. primer

A: Replication is considered as a biological process, which involves the formation of a daughter…

Q: Write the meaning of the root/prefix/suffix highlighted in each term.. immunity macrophage pathogen

A: In the field of medicine or health care there are certain terminologies that are used precisely in…

Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

Question

MACS are donut-shaped protein complexes of the complement system that create
holes in bacterial cells to cause apoptosis.
O 1) True
O 2) False

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

CD8 cells attack virally infected cells, usually killing them using what method? 1) Complement activation O2) 2) Apoptosis O 3) Phagocytosis O 4) Senescence
33) During maturation, B cells expand their endoplasmic reticulum. What is the function of this? A) The endoplasmic reticulum is needed to promote genetic recombination during maturation B) An enlarged endoplasmic reticulum is needed to accommodate enhanced secretion of antibodies C) The extra membrane is needed for phagocytosis of pathogens D) The endoplasmic reticulum contributes to epithelial mesenchymal transition of B cells during maturation E) B cells secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins to promote wound repair
The figure above depicts an antibody. For the labeled areas, which statement among A-D is not correct? A) O Mature, functional IgA antibodies possess a total of two sites labeled A B) O Your IgM antibodies are all similar in these areas: A C) O During opsonization, area B would bind to a bacterium D) O Your IgD antibodies are all different in this area: B 111 E) O None are matched correctly. B.
Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein that facilitates their insertion into the cell membrane of a pathogen?
Describe the two methods a bacterial cell dies due to activating the complement system;
Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and d
42. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for C3a and C5b are anaphylatoxins. 43. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement: on C3 and C5 convertases are generated from all complement pathways. 44. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement: While the Clq protein starts the classical pathway, the complement MBL protein starts the pathway. 45. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement MHC-II can present to CD8+ T cells and can be loaded with 13 amino acids 46. Regarding the figure below, choose (a) for tissue rejection or (b) for NO tissue rejection: Recipient haplotype Donor haplotype Host B Host AxB C 244
Removal of apoptotic cells are done by: Question 6 options: a) phagocytes or neighboring cells. b) circulatory system sweeping away the fragmented cells. c) fragmentation of the cell into small enough pieces that they are swept away by extracellular fluid. d) fusion of the apoptotic cell to neighboring cells to form multinucleate cells. e) migration of the apoptotic cells from the tissue to the lymphatic system to be flushed out.
Gram negative cell walls contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a unique component. All of the following apply to LPS EXCEPT O LPS is composed of mycolic acids that protect the cell from phagocytosis LPS is a PAMP that can be recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRS) as a foreign molecule fo rphagocytosis O LPS can be a target for specific IgG for ADCC-opsonization LPS can be recognized by B cells in the aosence of MHC molecules All of the answers apply, no exception O LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram negative cells
IgE binds to which of these cell types to trigger allergic responses? O 1) B cell O 2) neutrophil O 3) mast cell 4) Monocyte
Decreasing the amount of cytokine produced by the body would most directly prevent what event during the progression of COVID-19 in its host? A). Early viral infection of host cells. B). Replication of infected cells. C). Excessive damage to lung cells by the hot immune system. D). Transmission of the virus from one host to another.
A patient develops a blood infection with a capsule-producing strain of E. coli. Phagocytosis by macrophage will be essential to destroy the bacteria and resolve the infection. Which of the following will be dirertly required to allow ADCC-opsonization of the encapsulated E. coli: O Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha O Release of C3a to the extracellular fluids O Presence of MHC II on the surface of the macrophage O Presence of IgG receptors (Fc-gamma-R) on the macrophage All of the answers apply