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List two ways that channels differ from transporters? What type of molecules do channels usually transport?
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- For each type of membrane transport, know the following:– Is a transporter protein required? If so, what type?– Is there an energy requirement, and if so, what is the energy source?– What is the relative rate of solute transport based on molecule type? On concentration gradient?– What are examples of the types of solutes transported by carriers and channels?What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport is altered? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. State where each protein would be located and explain each of your answers. You add a signal sequence (for the Golgi) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other, hydrophobic, amino acids.Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
- Describe the difference between carrier proteins and channel proteins. What is required for the passive transport of molecules through these membrane proteins?Which type of membrane transporter could move molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high) a) Carrier proteins b) Leak channel proteins c) Ligand-gated channel proteins d) All of the above1) You are studying a transport protein. It appears to bind temporarily to the molecule to be transported. During normal transport, no energy is expended. The addition of a particular molecule that closely resembles the normally transported molecule inhibits transport. An increase in the concentration of the normally transported molecule in the presence of a constant concentration of the inhibitor increases the rate of transport. What kind of transport is described? 2) What are peripheral membrane proteins?
- Distinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?What is the result of opening a membrane ion channel?The distribution of water is determined by solute concentrations. A hypertonic solution would cause a body cell to shrink in size. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true and the second statement is false. The first statement is false and the second statement is true. Spaced practice question: Consider a membrane protein and its chemistry. Which of the following would describe a channel protein? It is an inorganic compound. It is an example of a globular (functional) protein. It is stable when exposed to an acidic environment. It is an example of a fibrous (structural) protein.
- Discuss the following statement: “The differences between a channel and a transporter are like the differences between a bridge and a ferry.”Define the terms (i) facilitated diffusion, (ii) primary active transport and (iii) secondary active transport. Identify which of these transport types the following are examples of: a) ATP/ADP translocase b) K^+ channels c) BacteriorhodopsinThe three fundamental classes of proteins involved in transport across membranes are: i) channelsii) pumpsiii) exchangers For each class, describe its essential features, explain how transport is accomplished and name at least one representative example.