List the mechanisms by which intercellular chemical signals produce responses in their target tissues.

Q: Which of the following is comparable to a positive feedback cycle? a) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+…

A: The positive feedback mechanism is responsible for the increase in the output, as the amplification…

Q: Explain the Crosstalk between 2nd messenger systems and the purpose of each step of the pathway.

A: There is crosstalk between different second messenger systems in the cell. This crosstalk allows for…

Q: Discuss the five types of intracellular communication.

A: We know that the five types of Intercellular communication are : 1.Autocrine…

Q: What general name identifies cells that respond to a specifichormone?

A: Hormones are the chemical messenger which are synthesized by the endocrine glands. Based upon their…

Q: Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone synthesize nypothalamus. This…

A: Cyclic AMP is a cyclic nucleotide that is chemically known as 3'5'adenosine phosphate. It is…

Q: List the general categories of intercellular messengers and brieflydescribe how they differ?

A: Chemical messengers are the substances that deliver the signals.

Q: In a nerve cell membrane, the ion channels that allow the diffusion of Na+: a) are always open. b)…

A: SODIUM CHANNELS These are the integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium…

Q: Name the three types of cell communication.

A: The cell is the smallest structural and functional entity of a living organism. In a multicellular…

Q: Define: G coupled protein receptors and protein kinase associated receptors

A: G coupled protein receptors are membrane receptors in eukaryotes. These are cell surface receptors…

Q: List the four categories of chemical messengers of intercellular communication?

A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: Is a sensor required for both positive and negative feedback loops to monitor and limit levels

A: In order for the cells to execute their activities and associated physiological processes essential…

Q: Which of the following statements is true? Chemical messengers within cells are always…

A: The central nervous system (CNS) is a complex network of nerve cells that process and coordinate the…

Q: Correct the following false statement: "Any cell that has the acetylcholine receptor will have the…

A: The given statement is FALSE. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter. There are two major classes of…

Q: Determine whether a telephone conversation is analogous to autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and…

A: Introduction: Signal transmission from one cell to the target cell is a part of cell-cell…

Q: What proteins within a cell are phosphorylated when a positive inotropic agent activates the cAMP…

A: The nucleus of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is exquisitely able to match cardiac…

Q: List the three types of cell communications?

A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…

Q: Differentiate between first messengers and secondmessengers.

A: Messengers are small molecules or ions which can be either intracellular or extracellular and are…

Q: List the five types of intercellular communication?

A: Cells are the basic “building blocks” of life. The living content in a cell is called Protoplasm,…

Q: THREE main classes of proteins that mediate the time course of Ca2+-elevation in neurons.

A: Neurons The neuron is the basic fundaments signalling unit of a cell. It transmits the message…

Q: List the two major classes of receptors for chemical messengers?

A: In a biological system, receptors are the protein structures that help in the transmission of…

Q: Describe the processes involved in neural signaling: reception, transmission, integration, and…

A: Growth, development, energy metabolism, reproduction ad behavior are regulated by hormones produced…

Q: Give Reference Table of Important Second Messengers?

A: Second messengers are signaling molecules present within the cells that are released when the cell…

Q: List examples of second messengers, and explain how they exerttheir effects.

A: Second messengers are the molecules that transfer the signal of the arrival of some hormones or…

Q: Briefly describe the significance of permeability and ionic concentrations in the process of…

A: Cell membrane: The cell membrane is the outer layer of animal cells, that acts as a barrier between…

Q: Describe the distribution of voltage gated ion channels in the nodes of Ranvier-vs-trigger zone/axon

A: Voltage gated ion channels are multi-subunit protein complexes that respond to changes in membrane…

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered a type of bioelectrical signaling? A) trans-epithelial…

A: Bioelectrical signaling refers to the transmission and communication of electrical signals within…

Q: To examine: Whether the statement "most intracellular signaling pathways provide numerous…

A: Cell signalling, also known as cell-cell communication, is responsible for directing the basic…

Q: 1) What is responsible for returning the cell to its normal resting membrane potential following the…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system that carry electrical stimuli throughout the body.…

Q: List the two types of voltage-gated channels that playimportant roles in the production of action…

A: Changes in membrane potential are brought about by changes in ion movement across the membrane. A…

Q: List the three steps involved in intercellular communication

A: All living things are composed of cells, the basic units of life. Cells must be able to communicate…

Q: 15) Quorum sensing or cell to cell communication bet A) make a biofilm C) aggregate and…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Bacteria are unicellular. Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and…

Q: The actions of dopamine are terminated by_ are terminated by_____ ; the actions of acetylcholine…

A: The brain acts differently and regulate the secretion of neurotransmitters depending upon various…

Q: Describe the processes involved in neural signaling: reception, transmission, integration, and…

A: Growth, development, energy metabolism, reproduction ad behavior are regulated by hormones produced…

Q: Explain "integrins can convert mechanical signals into intracellular molecular signals" is true or…

A: Mechanotransduction is the process by which mechanical signals are transformed into biochemical or…

Q: The propagation and reception of signals between nerve cells must happen quickly, in order for an…

A: Neurotransmitter are chemical messengers that our body can't function without. It carries chemical…

Q: 13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before,…

A: The electric signals that flow down the dendrites to form a nerve impulse or an action potential are…

Q: Define first messenger

A: Messengers are small molecules or ions which can be either intracellular or extracellular and are…

Q: Which statement is true? exocrine glands secrete chemical messengers called hormone directly in the…

A: Answer1-  When a hormone binds to a specific receptor it triggers a series of reactions inside the…

Q: Place the steps in the propagation of nerve impulses in the correct order.

A: Introduction: Nerve impulse is also called as "ACTION POTENTIAL".  Action potential can be defined…

Q: Describe how a hormone that crosses the plasma membraneinteracts with its receptor and how it…

A: Hormones are considered to be the secretions of endocrine glands. They are also termed chemical…

Q: Conotoxin is produced by marine cone snails. Among its effects is to block voltage-gated Ca2+…

A: A conotoxin is defined as one of a group or set of neurotoxic peptides isolated from the venom of a…