List the 3 acellular particles that invade cells

Which characteristic of pertussis 1S incorrect? A) O there are three stages of disease B) O ciliated cells in the trachea are rendered non-functional one stage of disease produces violent coughing fits D) Oa virus is the cause of the disease E) O it can be prevented by vaccination

23. Rickettsia is a gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite transmitted by arthropods.  a) Trueb) False

List several behaviors that would put one at risk for infection withLeptospira or Borrelia and explain why.

A farmer working on a piece of machinery gets his shirtsleeve caught in a moving piece of the equipment. His shirt is sliced, and a sharp blade covered in mud slices through his upper arm. He attempts to control the bleeding and immediately seeks medical attention. After 3 days, he develops a fever and his arm becomes extremely swollen and painful. Pulling back the bandages, he finds that the wound has become blackened and is leaking bloody fluid. Microscopic analysis of the fluid reveals the presence of gram-positive bacilli. a. Discuss what condition the patient is suffering from and the likely causative agent of this infection. b. Explain how the patient contracted this pathogenic microbe and what virulence factors contributed to the pathogenesis seen at the wound site. c. In addition to antibiotics, the physician prescribes hyperbaric therapy. Describe what this treatment involves and how it could be therapeutic to this patient.

Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)

descrbe Neurospora colonies

If you were diagnosed at the Hospital with Providencia rettgeri, what would be the consequences in terms of disease symptoms and treatment?

Describe the stages of the Plasmodium life cycle within the human host, including the inoculation through the bite of infected mosquitoes, the replication of parasites within hepatocytes, and the subsequent invasion of red blood cells. Explain how these lead to symptomatic disease. Discuss the cont

One of the most characteristic symptoms of malaria is the alternation of attacks (involving a cold phase, a hot phase, and a sweating phase) with periods of 1 or 2 days of no or few fevers.  Given the life cycle of Plasmodium what is the best explanation for this pattern: When free in the blood, merozoites release chemicals that directly cause body responses. Merozoites appear in coordinated “waves”, which explains the cycling attacks Merozoites entering the red blood cells generate a strong response from the red blood cells, which stimulates a massive immune response Attack phase correlates with simultaneous bursting of infected red blood cells, releasing thousands or millions of merozoites. This triggers massive immune response, resulting in symptoms Plasmodium generates a constant accumulation of irritants in the blood, mostly residues from digesting hemoglobin . Once the amount reaches a critical level, these trigger a massive immune response