Describe the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, where does Toxoplasma "want" to be? How does toxo gets into rats and deal with the problems of being stuck in the wrong host animal?
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Describe the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, where does Toxoplasma "want" to be? How does toxo gets into rats and deal with the problems of being stuck in the wrong host animal?
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- What role does the invertebrate host play in the life cycle of the trypanosomes? Explain.What is the public health importance of Toxoplasma, and how do humans become infected with it? What is the public health importance of Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora?Is it more beneficial for Neodermata to have one host or two hosts? Neodermatahas two classes: class Trematoda and class Monogenea. Class Trematoda has the subclass Digenea, which has organisms that live through at least two different hosts. An example of this is Fasciola hepatica, the sheep's liver fluke. Class Monogenea has organisms that only need to live through one host. Is it better to have a simple or complex life cycle? Which lives longer? Has more energy? Does more damage or good?
- People with AIDS are vulnerable to toxoplasmosis caused by theprotozoan Toxoplasma gondii, resulting in infection of lungs, liver,heart, and brain, and often leading to death. About 25% of the world’s population is infected, usually without developing symptoms. Why then are people with AIDS so susceptible to this disease?Why do mycoplasmas need to have stronger cytoplasmicmembranes than other bacteria?why is Trypanosoma harmful?
- Describe the symbiosis between the Riftia tubeworm and its bacterial symbiont. What is the role of the Riftia tube worm hemoglobin in the success of its relationship with the symbiotic bacteria?Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. How are the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of syphilis distinguished? There are different reasons behind our name. On what basis is L. interrogans named?One of the most characteristic symptoms of malaria is the alternation of attacks (involving a cold phase, a hot phase, and a sweating phase) with periods of 1 or 2 days of no or few fevers. Given the life cycle of Plasmodium what is the best explanation for this pattern: When free in the blood, merozoites release chemicals that directly cause body responses. Merozoites appear in coordinated “waves”, which explains the cycling attacks Merozoites entering the red blood cells generate a strong response from the red blood cells, which stimulates a massive immune response Attack phase correlates with simultaneous bursting of infected red blood cells, releasing thousands or millions of merozoites. This triggers massive immune response, resulting in symptoms Plasmodium generates a constant accumulation of irritants in the blood, mostly residues from digesting hemoglobin . Once the amount reaches a critical level, these trigger a massive immune response
- Imagine a newly developed drug that is highly lethal against all stages in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. The drug has been found to be safe and effective both for human and for veterinary use. Although the drug can eliminate infection in both humans and cats, its use in humans will have vey little impact on overall prevalence of human toxoplasmosis. Its use in cats, alternatively, could, at least in theory, reduce prevalence in both humans and cats. Explain this difference.Explain the relationship between genome size and growth requirements of mycoplasmas. Why is genome reduction common in intracellular microbes?Anophelesmosquito life cycle: https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/life-cycles/anopheles.html Culexmosquito life cycle: https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/life-cycles/culex.html Look at the life cycle of the two mosquito vectors involved in malaria and West Nile virus transmission. Consider the details of their biology in terms of: 1) habitat of different stages, 2) duration of life cycle, 3) food needs, 4) feeding preferences, 5) how far they disperse. Below write out how each might be a useful aspect to consider in terms of controlling the insect and /or its ability to transmit the disease to humans. Anopheles 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Culex 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.