Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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List and describe what is happening in each of the 5 steps of a spinal reflex arc. Assume that the reflex arc is polysynaptic.
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- What are the components in a polysynaptic reflex arc in the order that they are activated. Then briefly describe the function of each. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5arrow_forwardBen was cooking some steaks and burgers on the BBQ when he accidently touched the hot plate and withdrew his hand immediately . Explain the neural pathway and refer to the key components of the withdrawl reflex arc.arrow_forwardWhat are the components of a reflex arc and what is the difference between a somatic motor reflex and a visceral reflex arc?arrow_forward
- Xena eventually catches Callisto (remember, she is 25 years old). Salmoneus, who is 60 years old, agrees to deliver Callisto to face charges for war crimes. On the way, their cart crashes down a ravine. Salmoneus also suffers damage to his spinal cord during the accident. Compare the likely degree of regeneration/recovery of his spinal cord with that of the injured skeletal muscles and describe the consequences of your observations for his quality of life and ability to remain active.arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/reflextest) to see how to test reflexes in the abdomen.Testing reflexes of the trunk is not commonly performedin the neurological exam, but if findings suggest a problemwith the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, a series ofsuperficial reflexes of the abdomen can localize functionto those segments. If contraction is not observed when theskin lateral to the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated,what level of the spinal cord may be damaged?arrow_forwardName the neuralgia in PNS and mention to their functions.arrow_forward
- Describe how stimulation of a neuron that has its cell body in thecerebrum can inhibit a reflex that is integrated within the spinal cord.arrow_forwardNeuroscience Students are celebrating the end of the year and have gotten together for a few ice-old Pepsi’s. Sarvesh holds out his mug for a refill and when Nicole starts to pour soda in, the mug slips down slightly but Sarvesh quickly recovers to prevent his mug from spilling. Which of the following does NOT occur in this reflex circuit?Group of answer choicesThe added load of the soda stretches the intrafusal muscle fibers of the bicepSensory neurons from the muscle spindle synapse onto α motor neurons and interneuronsThe rate of action potential firing increases in the muscle spindle fiberExcitation of motor neurons innervating the bicep muscleAll of the above *do* occurarrow_forwardWhy is it important to study reflexes? What clinical applications might these have? Describe a simple reflex arc.arrow_forward
- Which of the following would result in no movement (i.e. no activation of the motor cortex)? Stimulation of D2 Medium Spiny Neurons Stimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Interna Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Externa Both A & D are correctarrow_forwardHere is the question: Question Intro to Neuroscience Question: Students are celebrating the end of the year and have gotten together for a few ice-old Pepsi’s. Sarvesh holds out his mug for a refill and when Nicole starts to pour soda in, the mug slips down slightly but Sarvesh quickly recovers to prevent his mug from spilling. Which of the following does NOT occur in this reflex circuit? Group of answer choices a) The added load of the soda stretches the intrafusal muscle fibers of the bicep b) Sensory neurons from the muscle spindle synapse onto α motor neurons and interneurons c) The rate of action potential firing increases in the muscle spindle fiber d) Excitation of motor neurons innervating the bicep muscle e)All of the above *do* occur Possible explanation/reasoning: a) The added load of the soda stretches the intrafusal muscle fibers of the bicep Yes, the event described in a) is likely to occur. When an added load (in this case, the soda being poured) is…arrow_forwardMuscle fatigue has been suggested as one factor that can increase the chances of non-contact sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Notably, some researchers have noted a delay in the reflex response after muscle fatigue. With your understanding of the stretch reflex, which of the following is the most logical contributing factor to the injury? a. the distraction of the game causes inhibitory impulses to be sent down from the somatosensory cortex, so muscles are not operating at full capacity b. the proprioceptors adapt and become less sensitive c. there is an increase in time to muscle contraction after triggering a reflexarrow_forward
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