Laboratory 4.1 - Cascaded Timers Polling Operation This laboratory covers the two timers cascaded operation in controlling the time rate of updating a cyclic task. Process Description: An alarm is indicated by flashing eight LEDs connected to port P1. The flashing rate is controlled at a rate equal to the maximum delay caused by cascading TO and T1. Laboratory Requirements Configure To and T1 in mode 1 with no gate and maximum delay. Configure P1 as an output port. • Add the logic needed to flash the output port P1 ON and OFF using a duration defined by the two timers consecutive overflow. • Debug your code and document your work including the list file and appropriate debugging screen shots.

(For thought) a. A token of a computer language is any sequence of characters, with no intervening characters or white space, that taken as a unit has a unique meaning. Using this definition of a token, determine whether escape sequences, function names, and the keywords listed in Table 2.1 are tokens of the C++ language. b. Discuss whether adding white space to a message alters the message and whether messages can be considered tokens of C++. c. Using the definition of a token in Exercise 4a, determine whether the following statement is true: “Except for tokens of the language, C++ ignores all white space.”

One _________________ is one cycle per second.

(Civil eng.) The maximum load that can be placed at the end of a symmetrical wooden beam, such as the rectangular beam shown in Figure 2.20, can be calculated as the following: L=S1dc L is the maximum weight in lbs of the load placed on the beam. S is the stress in lbs/in2. I is the beam’s rectangular moment of inertia in units of in4. d is the distance in inches that the load is placed from the fixed end of the beam (the “moment arm”). c is one-half the height in inches of the symmetrical beam. For a 2” × 4” wooden beam, the rectangular moment of inertia is given by this formula: I=baseheight3=12=24312=10.674 c=(4in)=2in a. Using this information, design, write, compile, and run a C++ program that computes the maximum load in lbs that can be placed at the end of an 8-foot 24 wooden beam so that the stress on the fixed end is 3000lb/in2. b. Use the program developed in Exercise 9a to determine the maximum load in lbs that can be placed at the end of a 3” × 6” wooden beam so that the stress on the fixed end is 3000lb/in2.

Data represented in ________ is transmitted accurately between computer equipment from different manufacturers if each computer’s CPU represents real numbers by using an IEEE standard notation.

(Electrical eng.) a. Write, compile, and run a C++ program that calculates and displays the value of the current flowing through an RC circuit (see Figure 3.19). The circuit consists of a battery connected in a series to a switch, a resistor, and a capacitor. When the switch is closed, the current, i, flowing through the circuit is given by this formula: i=(EIR)et/RC Eisthevoltageofthebatteryinvolts.Risthevalueoftheresistorinohms.Cisthevalueofthecapacitorinfarads.tisthetimeinsecondsaftertheswitchisclosed.eisEulersnumber,whichis2.71828( roundedtofivedecimalplaces). Using this formula, write, compile, and run a C++ program to determine the voltage across the capacitor shown in Figure 3.19 when t is 0.31 seconds. (Note: The value of RC is referred to as the system’s time constant.) The program should prompt the user to enter appropriate values and use input statements to accept the data. In constructing the prompts, use statements such as “Enter the voltage of the battery.” Verify your program’s operation by calculating by hand the current for the following test data: Testdataset1:Voltage=20volts,R=10ohms,RC=0.044,t=0.023secondsTestdataset2:Voltage=35volts,R=10ohms,RC=0.16,t=0.067seconds b. Check the value computed by your program by hand. After verifying that your program is working correctly, use it to complete the following chart:

(Practice) Show how the name KINGSLEY is stored in a computer that uses the ASCII code by drawing a diagram similar to Figure 2.7, shown previously.

The time it takes to perform the fetch instruction and decode instruction steps is called the execution time. True or false?

A(n) ________________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) ______________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified Condition is true.

When an instruction is first fetched from memory, its placed in the _________________ and then ________________to extract its components.