Is there a common evolutionary pathway between host and parasite?

Q: In regards to viral infections, what is tissue tropism? The limited number of species that can be…

A: Viruses must bind to specific cell surface receptors to invade a cell. The presence of cellular…

Q: What are the different Pre-zygotic and Post-Zygotic Reproductive Barriers?

A: Acvording to our guideline we can answer only the first question with three subparts. You hava…

Q: What kind of parasite/pathogen is most likely to evolve to host shift

A: A host shift or host switch is an evolutionary change in which a pathogen or parasite change their…

Q: Describe some of the morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes observed in infected hosts…

A: The parasite manipulation hypothesis suggests that parasites can manipulate the behavior of their…

Q: Does dispersal occurrence necessarily mean that gene flow occurs?

A: Gene flow, also known as gene migration, refers to the transfer of genetic material (genes) from one…

Q: What is an Endemic? Provide examples

A: Pandemic or epidemic can happen due to virus, bacteria or other infection agents. Endemic is found…

Q: how does natural selection and adaptation happen in pests with the use of pesticides

A: Pesticides enable farmers, at affordable prices, to produce healthy, quality foods. They also help…

Q: How might the color change be adaptive to both aphids and the bacteria that infect them?

A: The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum is known to have a symbiotic relationship with a bacterium…

Q: What is a todays world example of endosymbiosis?

A: Endosymbiosis is defined as a mutually benefitted relationship between a host organism and another…

Q: Diversification of species can be driven by factors such as physiological or morphological features…

A: The acquisition of new species through diversification and their removal through extinction…

Q: Did Aphids Acquire Their Ability to Make CarotenoidsThrough Horizontal Gene Transfer?

A: Aphids refer to the small insects that belong to the Aphidoidea superfamily. Aphids are…

Q: Which of the following is most likely to favor the evolution of highly virulent parasites? A.…

A: Evolution of highly virulent parasites.

Q: What type of reproductive isolation is due to organisms that have different mating seasons?

A: Pre-mating secluding mechanism:  Elements which cause species to mate with their own sort…

Q: How many genes influence the formation of new species?

A: Formation of new species is known as speciation. In speciation, two different population must breed…

Q: Why is variation amongst individuals of the same species important in ensuring species survival? How…

A: The diversity found in the gene frequencies or more simply the diversity in DNA among individuals of…

Q: How Many Species Exist?

A: The earth consists of two main factors- biotic and abiotic. The biotic factors are the living…

Q: What is meant by “alternation of generations”?

A: There is alternation between the diploid sporophyte and the haploid gametophyte, and between sexual…

Q: Which organisms come under kingdom I Monera?

A: Five kingdom classification is given by Robert Whittaker. The five kingdoms are- 1. Monera 2.…

Q: Ernst Mayr defined a biological species as a population whosemembers can exchange genetic material…

A: Introduction  Gene transfer is referred to the process in which the DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)…

Q: Why the species are important

A: In the classification system of organisms, the species are the fundamental taxonomic units. These…

Q: reproduce sexually in a dry environment. Explain

A: Sexual reproduction is a process in which meiosis occurs where haploid gametes are formed. These…

Q: Use a cost–benefit approach to explain why females whose eggs are destroyed still remain with the…

A: Cooperative breeding, is the process in which two or more adults cooperate and raise a single breed…

Q: What is the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis?

A: Endosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the other, and the two…

Q: Between a Polar Bear and Mosquito, which of these species will be able to adapt to a sudden…

A: Adaptation is basically the survival of different organisms in the changing environmental…

Q: In insects, primary symbionts are ________, while secondary symbionts are ________. able to…

A: Option 1 is incorrect because primary symbionts cannot replicate outside of the host and secondary…

Q: What is the major premise of the endosymbiosis theory and what evidence supports the theory?

A: The endosymbiotic theory was proposed by evolutionist Lynn Margulis. It showed that a major…

Q: Why, in the evolution of eukaryotes, might ithave been advantageous for separate organismsto become…

A: Living organisms are divided into three clusters called domains. They are formed of closely linked…

Q: How are new species thought to originate?

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: How may host preference eventually lead tospeciation?

A: Speciation is a lineage- splitting evolutionary process that produces two or more separate species.…

Q: Even though genetically engineered mosquitoes might be developed that do not allow the reproduction…

A: Genetic engineering' is based on the recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) technology, the…

Q: Why is coevolution a special case of evolution? Should it involve a pathogen/parasite?

A: Evolution is defined as the change in the genetic composition of a population during successive…

Q: Define the concept of Alien Species ?

A: Introduction  Ecosystem can be defined as the interaction of living and non-living organisms with…

Q: What is the “cost of males” in outcrossing reproducing species compared to obligate self-fertilizer…

A: Males can be expensive in outcrossing reproducing species when compared to obligate self fertilizers…

Q: Define symbiosis.

A: Q. Define symbiosis

Q: How does genetic variation help a population survive pathogens?

A: Genetic variation is the difference in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. An…

Q: Horizontal gene transfer between insects and their symbionts causes genome reduction in both the…

A: Choice A (causes genome reduction in both the host and the symbiont) is wrong because while it is…

Q: Which are smallest known self replicating system?

A: Self-replication is any behavior of a dynamical system that yields the construction of an identical…

Q: Define symbiosis.

A: An ecological interaction can be described as the interaction between two organisms occupying the…

Q: Why are beneficial adaptations more likely to be passed on to offspring

A: Always dominant traits are passed to offspring/progeny .   Through sexual reproduction heritable…

Q: Define anthropomorphism give an example of it from your daily life ???

A: According to the concept of Theory of mind, which gives importance to another person's perspectives,…

Parasitic infections

A parasite is an organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. There are two kinds of parasites they are internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite.