Ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals are all examples of: A. Precursors to oncogenes B. Carcinogens C. Tumor metastasizing agents D. All of the above
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Ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals are all examples of:
A. Precursors to oncogenes
B. Carcinogens
C. Tumor metastasizing agents
D. All of the above
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- Our government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?Which of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation. Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth. B. Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body. DE. Cancer cells are unable to control their division.
- Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function of: a. cell walls b. oncogenes c. plasma membrane adhesion proteins d. nuclear membranes e. tumor suppressor genesWhich of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer? The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division. Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis. Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis. Oncogenes are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells.Childhood exposure to all of the following risk factors increases susceptibility to cancer except. O a. drugs. b. viruses. O c. ionizing radiation. d. cigarette smoke.
- Which of the following drugs is a clinically-used monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast cancer? O a. Doxycycline O b. Chloroquine O c. Herceptin O d. ProtiumBenign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of these________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulators
- Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesWhich of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer? a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis. b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis. c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells. d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.Different gene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select all that applies) a.immunotherapy, b. anti-angiogenic gene therapy, c.inhibition of tumor invasion, d.induction of apoptosis