Individual investors, asset management firms and institutional investors are subject to 40%, 10% and 5% taxation on dividends and 20%, 25% and 10% on capital gains respectively. They all invest in growth stocks, neutral stocks and blue chips. Growth stocks are expected to pay dividends of 2 USD and have capital gains of 30 every year perpetually. The same forecasts for neutral stocks are 7 and 7 and for blue chips 40 and 5. The institutional investors are the marginal investors and can determine the price of the stocks. Every type of investor maximises their after - tax income. (i) Suppose that institutional investors require a 10% after - tax return. What are the prices of the growth, neutral, and bluechip stocks? (ii) Calculate the after - tax returns of the three types of stocks for each investor group.
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Individual investors, asset management firms and institutional investors are subject to 40%, 10% and 5%
(i) Suppose that institutional investors require a 10% after - tax return. What are the prices of the growth, neutral, and bluechip stocks?
(ii) Calculate the after - tax returns of the three types of stocks for each investor group.
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- The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $18 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.2 million with a 0.2 probability, $2.7 million with a 0.5 probability, and $0.8 million with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places at the end of the calculations. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%. RÔE = %σ = %CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 60%, interest rate is 14%. RÔE = %σ = %CV =The Neal Company wants to estimate next year's return on equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal's total capital is $10 million, it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated next year's EBIT for three possible states of the world: $5 million with a 0.2 probability, $1.5 million with a 0.5 probability, and $0.7 million with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal's expected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the following debt-to-capital ratios. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places at the end of the calculations. Debt/Capital ratio is 0. RÔE RÔE 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 10%, interest rate is 9%. = RÔE = RÔE 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 50%, interest rate is 11%. = % % = % % 0 = CV = Debt/Capital ratio is 60%, interest rate is 14%. 0 = CV = % % % %Shares of the Pacific Electric Company (PEC) have an estimated Beta of 1.10. PEC funds its assets with 50 percent debt at an average after-tax cost of debt of 6 percent. The excess return of the market portfolio is 5 percent and the risk-free rate is 3 percent. Question A. what is PEC's estimated cost of equity according to the CAPM? Question B. what is PEC's estimated weighted average cost of capital?
- Whispering Pines Inc. is all-equity-financed. The expected rate of return on the company's shares is 9.65%. a. What is the opportunity cost of capital for an average-risk Whispering Pines investment? (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) Opportunity cost of capital % b. Suppose the company issues debt, repurchases shares, and moves to a 24% debt-to-value ratio (D/ V = 0.24). What will be the company's weighted-average cost of capital at the new capital structure? The borrowing rate is 5.75% and the tax rate is 21%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) Weighted-average cost of capitalThe Neal Company wants to estimate next year’s returnon equity (ROE) under different financial leverage ratios. Neal’s total capital is $14 million,it currently uses only common equity, it has no future plans to use preferred stock in itscapital structure, and its federal-plus-state tax rate is 40%. The CFO has estimated nextyear’s EBIT for three possible states of the world: $4.2 million with a 0.2 probability,$2.8 million with a 0.5 probability, and $700,000 with a 0.3 probability. Calculate Neal’sexpected ROE, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for each of the followingdebt-to-capital ratios; then evaluate the results:A group of investors is intent on purchasing a publicly traded company and wants to estimate the highest price they can reasonably justify paying. The target company’s equity beta is 1.20 and its debt-to-firm value ratio, measured using market values, is 60 percent. The investors plan to improve the target’s cash flows and sell it for 12 times free cash flow in year five. Projected free cash flows and selling price are as follows. ($ millions) Year 1 2 3 4 5 Free cash flows $38 $53 $58 $63 $ 63 Selling price $ 756 Total free cash flows $38 $53 $58 $63 $ 819 To finance the purchase, the investors have negotiated a $530 million, five-year loan at 8 percent interest to be repaid in five equal payments at the end of each year, plus interest on the declining balance. This will be the only interest-bearing debt outstanding after the acquisition. Selected Additional Information Tax rate 40 percent Risk-free interest rate 3 percent Market risk…
- A group of investors is intent on purchasing a publicly traded company and wants to estimate the highest price they can reasonably justify paying. The target company’s equity beta is 1.20 and its debt-to-firm value ratio, measured using market values, is 60 percent. The investors plan to improve the target’s cash flows and sell it for 12 times free cash flow in year five. Projected free cash flows and selling price are as follows. ($ millions) Year 1 2 3 4 5 Free cash flows $33 $48 $53 $58 $ 58 Selling price $ 696 Total free cash flows $33 $48 $53 $58 $ 754 To finance the purchase, the investors have negotiated a $480 million, five-year loan at 8 percent interest to be repaid in five equal payments at the end of each year, plus interest on the declining balance. This will be the only interest-bearing debt outstanding after the acquisition. Selected Additional Information Tax rate 40 percent Risk-free interest rate 3 percent Market risk…This is a more difficult but informative problem. James Brodrick & Sons, Incorporated, is growing rapidly and, if at all possible, would like to finance its growth without selling new equity. Selected information from the company's five-year financial forecast follows. Year Earnings after tax ($ millions) Capital investment ($ millions) Target book value debt-to-equity ratio (%) Dividend payout ratio (%) Marketable securities ($ millions) (Year 0 marketable securities = $230 million) Year Dividends (millions) Divident Payout ratio (%) 1 1 100 2 175 140 ? 230 2 132 ($ millions) 3 300 140 ? 230 3 172 300 140 a. According to this forecast, what dividends will the company be able to distribute annually without raising new equity and while maintaining a balance of $230 million in marketable securities? What will the annual dividend payout ratio be? (Hint: Remember sources of cash must equal uses at all times.) Note: Round dividends to the nearest million dollars and the payout ratio % to…A group of investors is intent on purchasing a publicly traded company and wants to estimate the highest price they can reasonably justify paying. The target company’s equity beta is 1.20 and its debt-to-firm value ratio, measured using market values, is 60 percent. The investors plan to improve the target’s cash flows and sell it for 12 times free cash flow in year five. Projected free cash flows and selling price are as follows. ($ millions) Year 1 2 3 4 5 Free cash flows $38 $53 $58 $63 $ 63 Selling price $ 756 Total free cash flows $38 $53 $58 $63 $ 819 To finance the purchase, the investors have negotiated a $530 million, five-year loan at 8 percent interest to be repaid in five equal payments at the end of each year, plus interest on the declining balance. This will be the only interest-bearing debt outstanding after the acquisition. Selected Additional Information Tax rate 40 percent Risk-free interest rate 3 percent Market risk…
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