In Universe L, recently discovered by an intrepid team of chemists who also happen to have studied interdimensional travel, quantum mechanics works just as it does in our universe, except that there are four d orbitals instead of the usual number we observe here. Use these facts to write the ground-state electron configurations of the seventh and eighth elements in the first transition series in Universe L. Note: you may use [X] to stand for the electron configuration of the noble gas at the end of the row before the first transition series. seventh transition metal: eighth transition metal:

6.82 A particular element has the following values for its first four ionization energies: 900, 1760, 14, 850, and 21,000 kJ/mol. Without consulting a list of ionization energy values, determine what group in the periodic table this element belongs in.

One bit of evidence that the quantum mechanical model is correct lies in the magnetic properties of matter. Atoms with unpaired electrons are attracted by magnetic fields and thus are said to exhibit pararamagnetism. The degree to which this effect is observed is directly related to the number of unpaired electrons present in the atom. Consider the ground-state electron configurations for Li, N, Ni, Te, Ba, and Hg. Which of these atoms would be expected to be paramagnetic, and how many unpaired electrons are present in each paramagnetic atom?

What main group in the periodic table has elements with the largest electron affinities for each period? What group of elements has only unstable negative ions?

What is the difference between core electrons and valence electrons? Why do we emphasize the valence electrons in an atom when discussing atomic properties? What is the relationship between valence electrons and elements in the same group of the periodic table?

Describe briefly why the study of electromagnetic radiation has been important to our understanding of the arrangement of electrons in atoms.

Write an orbital diagram for the ground state of the zinc atom. Is the atomic substance diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Element 106 has been named seaborgium, Sg, in honor of Glenn Seaborg, discoverer of the first transuraniurn element. a. Write the expected electron configuration for element 106. b. What other element would be most like element 106 in its properties?

On which quantum numbers does the energy of an electron depend in each of the following? a. a one-electron atom or ion b. an atom or ion with more than one electron

It takes 7.21 1019 J of energy to remove an electron from an iron atom. What is the maximum wavelength of light that can do this?