In onion, male sterility is produced when the nuclear genotype is aa and the mitochondrial gene S (sterile) are present. Any other combination of nuclear genotype and mitochondrial gene (including gene F for fertile) will result in a male fertile plant. Give the genotypic ratio and the phenotypic ratio or the percentage of male sterile and male fertile offspring that will be produced in the following crosses. 1. Aa + S male x aa + F female 2. Reciprocal cross of number 1. (Note that when we do reciprocal cross, we interchange/swap the genotypes of the parents (if there is a nuclear gene involved, you interchange the nuclear genotype as well). 3. Aa + S female x Aa + F male 4. Reciprocal cross of number 3.

What is the genotype of the F1 generation of the corn monohybrid cross described above? What is the phenotype of the F1 generation of the corn monohybrid cross described above? What are the possible maternal and paternal genotypes of the F1 gametes of the corn monohybrid cross described above? What is the genotype of the parents of the corn dihybrid cross described above? What are the phenotypes of the parents of the corn dihybrid cross described above? What are the possible genotypes of the parent gametes of the corn dihybrid cross described above? What is the genotype of the F1 generation of the corn dihybrid cross described above? What is the phenotype of the F1 generation of the corn dihybrid cross described above? What are the possible maternal and paternal genotypes of the F1 gametes of the corn dihybrid cross described above?

Identify the four possible gametes produced by the following individuals (Y = yellow, y = blue, S = smooth, s = wrinkled): YY Ss:  Yy Ss: Create a Punnett square using these gametes as P1 and determine the genotypes of the F1. What are the phenotypes? What is the ratio of those phenotypes?

Sex determination in birds is different from that in humans. The sex chromosomes in birds are called Z and W, because males have two of the same chromosome (ZZ), whereas females have two different chromosomes (ZW). There is a Z-linked allele in some birds that causes the death of the embryo when the normal dominant allele is not present. What would be the sex ratio in the living offspring of a cross between a male heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female? A) What are the genotypes of the parents? Male____ Female____ B)  Which gametes would each form? Male____ Female____   C) Draw your Punnett square below and determine the sex ratios of living offspring.

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In rabbits, gray hair (G) is dominant to white hair (g), and black eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b). These two traits are independent of each other. In other words, a female rabbit with the genotype GgBb may produce eggs with the alleles GB, Gb, gB, or gb. To predict the probability of these sorts of crosses, we will make a dihybrid Punnett Square. 1. What are the phenotypes (descriptions) of rabbits that have the following genotypes: Ggbb ggbb 99BB GgBb 2. A male rabbit with the genotype GGbb is crossed with a female rabbit with the genotype ggBb The square is set up below. Fill it out and determine the phenotypes and proportions in the offspring.

Dihydrid Cross

#4 on the first page   #5 on the second page.

The image shows a pair of homologous chromosomes from a single parent before gamete production. M1 and M2 are maternal chromosomes, while P1 and P2 are paternal chromosomes. Two traits are shown: D represents seed color (D – green, d – yellow), while F represents flower color (F – purple, f – white). These two traits follow the patterns of basic Mendelian genetics. During crossing-over between the M2 F allele and the P1 f allele, a mutation occurred and the portion of P1 did not reattach to the chromosome. Which of the following explains what would happen to the proportion of white flowers in a population resulting from this mutation? A - There would be an increase in the proportion of white flowers because the f allele is distributed to more gametes. B - There would be a decrease in the proportion of white flowers because the f allele is not distributed to as many gametes. C - There would be an increase in the proportion of white flowers because the f allele would not be masked by the…

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