Q: In what areas are lymph nodes clustered? Why is this desirable?
A: Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are the part of the lymphatic system. They are…
Q: What is the source of Interferons (type I)?
A: Interferons can be defined as the group of signaling proteins that are released with the help of…
Q: What are the structural and functional differences between a B cell and a plasma cell?
A: Lymphocytes or the white blood cells are a part of teh immune system. They are of to types namely, B…
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A: Lymphocytes are the types of WBC (white blood cells) that are located in the immune system of the…
Q: What is a lymphatic nodule? Describe three places where lymphatic nodules can be found?
A: A small, localized collection of lymphoid tissue is called lymphatic nodule. It is located in the…
Q: Which antibody class is the first produced during a primary response?
A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…
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Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?
A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…
Q: What are the functions of B lymphocytes?
A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…
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A: Answer- Skin is a largest organ of the body it is not fully supplied with the blood vessles.
Q: Why is the spleen considered a hematologic organ? Why can humans live without it?
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Q: What sorts of pathogens could successfully attack a patient who is unable to produce T lymphocytes?
A: White blood cell protects body from pathogen. Specifically lymphocyte doing this job. Lymphocytes…
Q: Describe in general terms the activation of the host complement system and its three outcomes
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Q: Following infection, how does the population of B and T lymphocytes change?
A: Introduction :- White blood cells, or lymphocytes, are one of the body's main types of immune cells.…
Q: Why are the axillary lymph nodes often biopsied in cases of suspected breast cancer?
A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It is not a single disease rather, it is two or more hundreds of…
Q: Fill in the blank: Lymph enters a node through a(an) _______________________ lymphatic vessel.
A: The lymphatic system is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory and immune…
Q: Give the principal function of lymphocytes, and differentiate between the two lymphocyte types and…
A: The principal function of lymphocytes: These are fundamental cells of our immune system and helps in…
Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?
A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…
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Q: Why always decline or elevation of immune cells can not be considered as a sign of disease?
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A: Tonsils Tonsils consist of ovoid lymphoid tissue with fibrous capsule and are the part of waldeyer's…
Q: Give exact location of lymphocytes and state its function.
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A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…
Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?
A:
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A: There are two arms of acquired immunity, which have different sets of participants and different…
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A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…
Q: Fill in the blank: Lymphatic vessels contain _______________________ that help prevent the backflow…
A: The lymphatic system is one of the major systems of the body that is comprised of the lymphatic…
Q: Explain the general function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
A: Immune cells originate from stem cells in the bone marrow to produce several kinds of white blood…
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A: The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that plays an important role in the immune system. It is…
Q: What are the positive and negative selections of lymphocytes in the thymus?
A: T-lymphocytes cells are produced in the bone marrow from the stem cells and develop in the thymus.…
Q: Connect the mononuclear phagocyte system to innate immunity.
A: Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system,…
Q: What is the difference in function between primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, and what are the…
A: To explain: To explain the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and the principal…
Q: Why is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?
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Q: What is the difference between phagocytes and leukocytes and explain their types?
A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…
Q: How do activated B cells fight a current infection?
A: B cells / B lymphocytes are originated and matured in the bone marrow and then circulated…
Q: Draw a diagram showing how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any epitope imaginable.
A: Introduction: Lymphocytes are the type of leucocytes that takes part in adaptive immunity. There are…
In general, what sorts of pathogens might be able to more successfully attack a patient with an inability to synthesize B lymphocytes?
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- Innate lymphoid cells reside primarily in tissues such as the lungs, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin, because these sites represent the major routes of entry of pathogens into the body. Several different subsets of innate lymphoid cells exist, and each is specialized to respond to a category of pathogen (e.g., viruses, extracellular bacteria, helminthic parasites, etc). a) True b) FalseWhat sorts of pathogens could successfully attack a patient who is unable to produce T lymphocytes?The correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is: À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer Cell C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cell
- The circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsWhich of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsWhich of the following statements is correct regarding active and passive immunity? a) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization. b) The antibodies utilized in passive immunity are acquired from another organism. C)A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body.
- Both antibodies and particular complement proteins, such as c3b, are capable of aiding phagocytes in attaching to bacteria. What term best describes these? O 1) opsonins O 2) haptens O 3) pyogens O 4) perforinsName four types of lymphocytes involved in cellularimmunity. Which of these is also essential to humoralimmunity?What is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.
- Why are lymph nodes often inflamed or swollen when we get sick? a) Your body is producing more white blood cells to fight the infection, and the increase in cell numbers causes them to swell b) The foreign invader is accumulating in your lymph nodes causing them to swell. c) Your body is trying to tell you something is wrong and they swell as an alarm system.i) True or False : Antibodies attach firmly to an antigenic determinant called an epitope.ii) True or False: Band T-cells are the components of the adaptive immune system.iii) True or False: Swelling, redness, and pain of the injured part are due to inflammation of the injured tissue.iv) True or False: Insertion of complement proteins C7, C8, and C9 into the cell membrane of the pathogen is due to the Amphipathic nature of these proteins.v) True or False: During inflammation cells from the adaptive immune systems are mainly recruited towards the site of infection.vi) True or False: Cytokines are released by Macrophages for the killing of the Ag directly.vii) True or False: Macrophages always mature into monocytes at the site of infection.viii) True or False: All components of the Complement systems remain active in the body all the time.ix) True or False: All the factors of the complement system remain active except factor-D due to its substrate specificity for factor-B, bound to…An individual is infected with a particular pathogen that he had before. This results in the generation of an immune response.a) List the name of the type of immune response that may be generated. b) Outline and briefly differentiate three characteristics of this type of immune response.
