In a population, the frequencies of two alleles are B = 0.67 and b = 0.33. The genotype frequencies are BB = 0.50, Bb = 0.37, and bb = 0.13. Do these numbers suggest inbreeding? Explain why or why not.

In southwest Arizona there is a large, isolated population of kangaroo rats with over 1000 individuals and a 50:50 sex ratio. You genotype these kangaroo rats at 10 SNPs. You start this genotyping project in the year 2020. In year 2050, the population undergoes a large population decline to 10 individuals and stays around 10 individuals until the year 2100, at which point you retire (at a very old age). Draw a plot illustrating the allele frequencies of all 10 loci from year 2020 to year 2100. Label all axes clearly! Now draw a second plot similar to that in the question above, except that in the year 2050 the population does not decline, but instead responds to a new selective pressure in the form of a novel disease spreading into the population. The disease is a strong agent of selection and results in considerable mortality. Importantly, 5 of the loci are neutral and the other 5 are linked to genes that play a role in disease resistance. Explain your plots. I need an appropriate…

Threatened species often have small, isolated populations where mating between relatives occurs. Let's assume one of these threatened species has a disease controlled by a gene that has two alleles A and a. Only individuals with two copies of the "a" allele have the disease and die before reproducing.  Question:  What are the effects of inbreeding on the frequency of the "a" allele, and the frequency of the disease in the population?

Evolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.

A hypothetical population has two alleles for a “B" gene: B1 and B2. In a random sample of 50 diploid zygotes (for a total of 100 alleles), the following genotypes were found: 20 B1B1, 20 B1B2, and 10 B2B2 The above values represent the initial genotype frequencies of zygotes in the population. Let's say that selection acts against the B2 allele, and all 10 individuals with B2B2 genotype die off before reaching maturity (leaving 0 B2B2 individuals). (The number of surviving adults in the population is 40, so the number of alleles is 80). What is the new observed frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? O A. 0.10 О В. О.70 O C. 0.25 O D.0.50 O E. 0.75

The color of the coat of a hypothetical breed of cattle is controlled codominantly by a gene in locus R. A routine inspection of a randomly mating population with 353 animals showed that 13% of them are red , 45% are roan and 42% are white. question: how many animals have the recessive allele?

Grouse in Russia show a recessive mutation “short-tail” that causes problems in the control of direction when flying. In 2002 a survey  of a large, freely interbreeding, population of 1,856 grouse revealed 142 with short tail feathers. What proportion of the grouse population would you expect to be heterozygous at the short-tail locus ?

Albinism is due to a recessive allele of an autosomal gene. Let a represent the albino allele and A represent the normal non-albino allele. If one out of every 10,000 people were albino and assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, A. what would be the phenotype frequencies of albino and non-albino ? B. what would be the allele frequencies of a and of A? C. what fraction of people can be expected to be of the genotype Aa? D. what fraction of people can be expected to be of the genotype AA?

Consider an autosomal locus with alleles A and a. If the the allele frequencies are as follows Freq(A) = 0.4, Freq(a) = 0.6. , then what is the predicted frequency of heterozygous Aa individuals, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Freq(Aa) = ? Enter a number between 0 and 1, inclusive, for example 0.33