In a developing chicken embryo, from  which  layer  of  the  hypomere  is  the  endocardium  and  epimyocardium derived? How many ventricles are present at the 72-hour stage?

Q: Describe the patterns of blood flow in interatrial and interventricular septal defects, and in a…

A: Answer: Introduction: A tiny opening in the atrial septum permits a minor quantity of blood to…

Q: Which chambers of the heart have the heaviest musculature?

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What is the functional significance of the difference in thickness between the wall of the aorta and…

A: The aorta is the main artery which carries blood away from heart to the rest of  body.  The…

Q: What is an open circulatorysystem?

A: Circulatory system is composed of broad network of organs and blood vessels responsible for blood…

Q: Which structure is present in the right ventricle of the sheep's heart but not in the left…

A: The heart is one of the vital organs in the body. The main function of this organ is to pump up the…

Q: Describe how and why cardiac anatomy changes at birth?

A: The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, which is the anatomical pump with its internal parts…

Q: Between which times is the valve between the atrium and the ventricle closed?

A: The cardiac cycle consists of a Systole and a Diastole of atria and ventricles Each Cardiac cycle…

Q: Draw the pressure changes along the systemic and pulmonaryvascular systems during the cardiac cycle?

A: Along the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems during the cardiac cycle  the pressure which…

Q: In a developing chicken embryo, what blood vessels enter into the common cardinal vein?

A: Common cardinal vein are the vein which drains into sinus venosus at the time prenatal development.…

Q: What roles do the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles have in the normal function of the AV…

A: The heart is the muscular organs of the cardiovascular system.

Q: Describe the pacemaker potential and the myocardial action potential, and explain how the latter…

A: Heart is the major pumping organ in our circulatory system. It has two types of cells namely;…

Q: The finest passages through which electrical signals pass before reaching the ventricular…

A: Introduction: The muscle of heart is composed of small cells through which electrical signals are…

Q: Name the double layered membranous covering of the heart.

A: Heart is an essential pumping organ of the body which is a part of cardiovascular system. It has 2…

Q: What anatomical feature prevents the electrical signal from traveling directly from atrial muscle to…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right side to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Can lead placement affect ECG?

A: Electrocardiography is a technique used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, which is…

Q: Name the veins that return blood to the right atrium.

A: There are two types of circulations namely pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.…

Q: What major movements of ions account for each phase of the action potential of a typical myocardial…

A: Action potential  The rapid rise in the voltage of the membrane potential across the cellular…

Q: Describe, in humans, what becomes of the six pairs of aortic arches typical of vertebrate embryos?

A: Introduction :- In the embryo aortic arches develop in association with each of the developing…

Q: How do capillaries develop and grow (angiogenesis)? Explain with an example?

A: Angiogenesis, the physiological process by which development of new blood vessels from preexisting…

Q: Trace the flow of an RBC from right ventricle to left atrium,naming the vessels along the way?

A: Pulmonary circulation can be defined as the flow of deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle of…

Q: How does blood composition differ in the right and left ventricle?

A: The heart is the pumping organ that is responsible for circulating the blood to different parts of…

Q: Describe the mechanism of bulk flow in both directions within a fenestrated capillary. What are the…

A: The capillaries are the tiny and small blood vessels that helps in connecting the arteries and…

Q: Why is there a pause after the atrial contraction andbefore the ventricular contraction?

A: The human heart has four chambers within it. These four chambers are the Right and Left atria and…

Q: Where is the mitral valve located? Describe the directionand type of blood (oxygenated or…

A: The valve of the heart is composed of the endocardium and connective tissue. Valve are structures…

Q: Compare and contrast the action potential of a myocardial conductive cell and the action potential…

A: Myocardial conductive cell: [action potential] The conductive cells within the heart establish the…

Q: For each umbilical vessel and the major fetal blood vessels, state whether each vessel carries…

A: In a placental mammal, the umbilical cord is a conduit between the developing fetus and the…

Q: Why are the left and right coronary vessels considered the major coronary vessels?

A: The coronary vessels are the blood vessels which are responsible for supplying blood to the heart.

Q: How does the depolarization of pacemaker cells differfrom the depolarization of other cardiac cells?…

A: Anatomy and physiology are the branches of biology, anatomy deals with the study of the structure of…

Q: How does the blood in the pulmocutaneous arch differ from that in the higher two aortic arches?

A: The circulatory system of amphibians includes pulmocutaneous circulation. It is in charge of…

Q: Is there similar pattern between the carotid and iliac arteries?

A: Arteries are blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood throughout your body and are an…

Q: Coronary artery disease in the acute marginal branches would affect which part of the myocardium?

A:

Q: What features distinguish myocardial cells from skeletal cells?

A: Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism.  Myocardial cells are the…

Q: Complete the following table to compare fetal and adult heart structure and circulatory patlerns.…

A: In the fetus, nutrition and oxygen is transported through the blood vessels in the umbilical cord…

Q: During heart development, the primary outcome of cardiac looping is Fusion of the aortic sac vessels…

A: Heart development occur in various stages.

Q: Why would a fourth chamber heart be evolutionarily advantageous to an animal?

A: Introduction:-  Birds and mammals, on the other hand, have a four-chambered heart with a fully…

Q: in what is the happens to the special structures of fetal circulation after birth?.

A: Throughout pregnancy, the fetal circulatory system operates differently.  The fetal circulatory…

Q: What would be the path of blood flow through the heart if the foramen ovale did not close shortly…

A: The foramen ovale is a tiny hole in the septum, the wall that separates the heart's two upper…

Q: Name the blood vessels carrying blood to the left atrium.

A: Introduction: Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to different parts of the body as well as…

Q: Name the valves that guard openings in the heart.

A: Heart  It is a muscular structure present in the body. It's function is to pump blood to various…

Q: What structure stops blood in the left ventricle from mixing with blood in the right ventricle ?

A: The heart has four chambers. Two atria and two ventricles. Atria are the two upper chambers and…

Q: What causes the "lub" sound in the cardiac cycle?

A: A lub (also known as S1) and a dub (S2) are the two sounds of the normal cardiac cycle. There may be…

Q: What are the basic blood vessels in the heart? Describe briefly the function of each.

A: The circulatory framework, likewise called the cardiovascular framework or the vascular framework,…

Q: Trabeculae ___ are visible on the inner surface of the ventricles

A: The human heart is four-chambered with two atria and two ventricles that help in pumping the blood…

Q: Why is it important that the AV node delay the electricalimpulse moving from the SA node and the…

A: The  AV node is a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of…

Q: What is the significance of the difference in thickness between the wall of the aorta and the wall…

A: Introduction: The largest artery present in human body is the aorta which starts from the top of the…

Q: Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of:     coronary arteries     the…

A: The myocardium is a thick middle layer of the cardiac wall that is composed of contracting muscle…