During heart development, the primary outcome of cardiac looping is Fusion of the aortic sac vessels of the branchial arches Appearance of pacemaker cells in the right atrium and top of left ventricle Formation of the contrucal segments Fusion of the right atrium with the right ventricle followed by formation of the ventricular septum. Levo-transposition of the great arteries

Q: Describe how the pressure in the left ventricle and in the systemic arteries varies during the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Which ion movement causes depolarization in the contractile cells of the heart? Ca++ leaving the…

A: The human heart is a muscular blood pumping organ made up of electrically excitable cardiac muscle…

Q: cardiac cycle includes all the events associated with the flow of blood thre heart during a single…

A: Heart consists of four chambers, two upper chambers called atrium. and two lower ventricles. All…

Q: Identify and describe the size, shape, and location of the heart and the path of blood through the…

A: The cardiovascular system is one of the 11 major body organ systems that is concerned with the…

Q: The mother of a three-month-old infant was concerned because her child had little energy and did not…

A: The cardiovascular system is a crucial component of the circulatory system in humans (which is often…

Q: Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventriclesduring a cardiac cycle.

A: The heart is an organ found in animals which is specialised to pump blood in the body. The heart is…

Q: Describe the pacemaker potential and the myocardial action potential, and explain how the latter…

A: Heart is the major pumping organ in our circulatory system. It has two types of cells namely;…

Q: Explain in details contraction of the heart on the organ level, meaning the whole  heart including…

A: The conducting system of heart contains cardiac muscles and conducting fibers. These conducting…

Q: The cardiac cycle includes all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during…

A: Human heart is four chambered. The left half of the heart act as the pump for systemic circulation…

Q: Describe in detail the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart.  Name all blood vessels and…

A: As we know the heart is a muscular organ made up of cardiac tissue that pumps blood throughout the…

Q: Where is the pacemaker of the heart located? What is it called? Trace the path of electrical…

A: The heart is a muscular organ located between the lungs slightly to the left. It functions in…

Q: Describe the electrical event in the heart that occurs during each of the following: (a) the QRS…

A: Heart is a muscular organ which is responsible for pumping the fluid connective tissue called blood…

Q: Discuss the intrinsic conduction system of the heart including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular…

A: The circulatory system consists of three systems that work together; the heart (cardiovascular),…

Q: Describe the anatomy of movement of the wave of cell depolarization throughout the heart during the…

A: The cardiac cycle:It is comprised of a whole relaxation and contraction of both the atrium and…

Q: During the isovolumetric periods there is no change in volume.

A: Isometric contraction or isovolumetric  period is an event that occurs in the early stages of…

Q: The heart’s pacemaker is called the (complete term)_________. The pacemaker is composed of…

A: The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, the blood vessels, and most importantly, the blood.…

Q: An increase in end-diastolic volume always causes an increase in stroke volume in a normal heart…

A: Stroke volume It is the amount of blood that is forced out from the ventricle per cardiac cycle. It…

Q: Describe the function of the SA and AV nodes as they control contraction of the heart.

A: The heart is a major player of the circulatory system and is a pump made up of muscle tissue. The…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Cardiac action potential  It refers to the short alteration in the voltage i.e. membrane potential…

Q: Describe how the aorta and major elastic arteries allow for the continuous flow of blood and…

A: The elastic artery can be outlined as the arteries which lie close to the heart and form medium size…

Q: Illustrate the schematic diagram of blood flow through the heart stating from the superior and…

A: Human heart  forms a double heart circuit that is oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flows to…

Q: Valves between which structures of the heart shown in the figure control the direction of the…

A: The heart is located in the centre of the chest, just to the left of centre, about the size of a…

Q: Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both atriaand ventricles relaxed

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Q: Describe the parts of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and explain how these electrical events are…

A: An electrocardiogram is the device that can help in the recording of the electrical signals that is…

Q: The cardiac cycle includes all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during…

A: Heart- a organ in most of the  animals that pumps blood through the blood vessels of the…

Q: Discuss why the heart is called a double pump and compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

A: The human heart lies in the protective thorax, posterior to the sternum and coastal cartilage, and…

Q: The role of calcium currents in cardiac contractile cells is to .  The role of calcium currents in…

A: A neuromuscular junction is a biochemical synapse between muscle fiber and a motor neuron. It…

Q: The marks a spot of dead myocardial cells. How does this change the depolarization and muscle…

A: Myocardial cells myocardial cells are located in the heart forming a branched network in the heart,…

Q: ESV represents the minimum ventricular volume.

A: Heart is a soft-tissue organ comprises of four chambers, two auricles on the top and two ventricles…

Q: The cardiac action potential is substantially longer than a neuron potential due to: spontaneous…

A: Cardiovascular activity is a short-term change in electrical activity in the lining of the heart…

Q: Explain why it is more efficient for contraction of the ventricles to beginat the apex of the heart…

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of Physiology.

Q: Explain how the blood volume in the left ventricle changes throughout the cardiac cycle in response…

A: Answer:  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM : In all multicellular organisms there is a system which transports…

Q: are True/False. The louder, sharper, higher-pitched 'dupp' heart sound occurs when tricuspid and…

A: The louder , sharper , higher-pitched 'dupp' heart sound occurs when tricuspid and mitral valve…

Q: As we auscultate the heart it is imperative, we understand what part of the heart we are listening…

A: As we auscultate the heart, it is important to understand which part of the heart we are listening…

Q: Describe the pathway of action potentials through the cardiac conduction system and explain its…

A: The resting membrane potential's random, propagating, fast and transitory change is defined as an…

Q: The rapid depolarization phase of heart pacemaker cells is caused by which of the following?…

A: Introduction: A cardiac action potential is a brief change in voltage across the cell membrane of a…

Q: Regarding the cardiac cycle at resting HR, when in the cycle does ventricular filling occur? How…

A: Introduction: To pump blood around the body, the atria and ventricles periodically contract and…

Q: the heart during a single complete are True/False. The duration of systole exceeds that o

A: The cardiac cycle is defined as the period between the start of one heartbeat to the start of the…

Q: The cardiac cycle includes all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during…

A: * cardiac cycle is series of events of heart from beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the…

Q: Pacemaker cells are concentrated primarily in two specific regions of the myocardium. ventricle…

A: Heart is a muscular pumping structure and is vital part of circulatory system which helps in sending…