In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at ? = 3.08 mA with standard deviation ? = 1.13 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of pain from  mA to  mA (b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a threshold of pain from  mA to  mA

A hospital claims that the average length of patient confinement is 5 days. A study of the length of patient confinement of 36 people showed a mean of 6.2 and s = 5.2. Does this data support the hospital’s claim? Use α = 0.01.

A clinical trial is planned to compare an experimental medication designed to lower blood pressure to a placebo. Before starting the trial, a pilot study is conducted involving seven participants. The objective of the study is to assess how systolic blood pressure changes over time untreated. Systolic blood pressures are measured at baseline and again 4 weeks later, in mm Hg. Is there a statistically significant difference in blood pressures over time? Run the test at a 5% level of significance. PLEASE SHOW THE ANSWER IN EXCEL FORMAT WITH FORMULAS.

A medical researcher wanted to compare two different methods (A and B) for measuring cardiac output (L/min). Method A is the "gold standard" but is invasive (involves inserting a catheter into the main heart artery). Method B is less accurate but is non-invasive. To control for differences between persons, both methods are used on each person participating in the study. This allows measurements to be directly compared for each method, per individual. Cardiac output for 18 subjects was measured by both methods and some summary statistics of the data are summarized in the table below. Is there enough evidence to conclude that the cardiac output for method B is less than the cardiac output for method A on average at a significance level of 0.025. Cardiac Method Average Standard deviation A 18 5.7 1.59 IB 18 5.29 1.81 Difference (d = A - B) 18 0.41 0.65 Perform a statistical test. (a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Но р HA P (b) What is the test statistic? (Round your answer…