In 1864, Lister observed that patients recovered completely from simple fractures but that compound fractures had “disastrous consequences.” He knew that the application of phenol (carbolic acid) to fields in the town of Carlisle prevented cattle disease. Lister treated compound fractures with phenol, and his patients recovered without complications. How was Lister influenced by Pasteur’s work? Why was Koch’s work still needed?

The majority of antibiotics used in the clinic aremade as natural products by bacteria. Why do you supposebacteria make the very agents we use to kill them?

We use salting and freezing to preserve our food against bacteria. Explain why is food preserved this way? Be specific for each method.

Antibiotics are very important in modern medical treatment: a) How is Giardia, a eukaryotic pathogenic parasite, affected by penicillin? Explain your answer. b) Is it beneficial to use sulfonamide and trimethoprim at the same time to treat an infection? Motivate your answer.

7) Identify the most correct choice: a) The time required for a bacterial population to double is called generation time Ob) Nitrogen is required by the organisms mainly to produce ATP. c) Agar is a common food source for the bacteria. d) A colony is usually a mixture of various bacterial organisms. e) a and c

1) How does cholera kill people?     2) What was Dr. Snow's initial hypothesis on the cause of cholera?     3) What methods did Dr. Snow use to test his hypothesis?     4) What was "The Report That Changed The World" ?     5) What is a voronoi diagram?     6) What is the definition of an "A B Test" ?     7) Name a place where cholera is still a problem today.   8)What public health policies would you apply to help that place?

Antibiotics are chemical substances derived from microbes like_____.a) Fungi, Algae b) Fungi, Bacteriac) Fungi, Virus d) Bacteria, Algae

18. All the followings can be produced through Industrial Microbiology techniques except: a) antibiotics b) Amino Acids c) steroids d) polysaccharides19. The new process for cleaning the environment through bioorganic method using bacteria which genome has been modified is called: a) Bioconversion b) Biotechnology c) Bioinformatics d) Bioremediation20) What was the main reason to make cheese in the past

The French scientist Louis Pasteur was responsible for the germ theory that finally solved the riddle of the ages - the source of epidemic disease. Pasteur also made a number of other discoveries. Who was Louis Pasteur and what were some of these other contributions made by Pasteur?

A budding artisanal cheesemaker is trying to establish her own starter culture, but there is an archaeal contaminant she finds difficult to get rid of. Instead of producing lactic acid, the Archaea ferments the milk sugars into alcohol, an extremely undesirable effect in cheese making, therefore ruining many of her cheesemaking efforts. She asked microbiologists for help to find a strategy that may hinder the growth or even kill the archaeal cells, but not the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in rest of her starter culture. The microbiologists come up with different things to try. In the table below are some strategies that she tries. Practice Question Chapter 3 5. Predict what the results are going to be for each strategy she uses. Assume each inhibitor is specific. Assume she doesn't know the species of Archaea that is contaminating her starter culture. Answer yes, no, or maybe where appropriate, explain your answer in the last row of the table below. Will stop cell growth of Archaea Will…