In 1864, Lister observed that patients recovered completely from simple fractures but that compound fractures had “disastrous consequences.” He knew that the application of phenol (carbolic acid) to fields in the town of Carlisle prevented cattle disease. Lister treated compound fractures with phenol, and his patients recovered without complications. How was Lister influenced by Pasteur’s work? Why was Koch’s work still needed?

Q: Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose…

A: Introduction A toxin is a poisonous substance or harmful substance produced within living cells or…

Q: Explain and contrast the Pasteur and Crabtree effects.

A: The fermentation of yeast happens in the absence of oxygen. This process has two effects, the…

Q: Identify the contributions made by Needham, Spallanzani, Virchow, and Pasteur to microbiology.

A: The broad field of life sciences includes many subfields, including zoology, botany, biochemistry,…

Q: Researchers have discovered that washing spinach with water several times does not prevent foodborne…

A: Communicable diseases are infectious diseases that could be spread from one person to another…

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A: Microbes, which are a shortened form of the word "microorganisms," are microscopic living organisms…

Q: Have Koch’s postulates been carried out for Lyme disease? Explain.

A: Koch’s postulates have been established as the principle criteria for etiological studies. This…

Q: Whydid Bacterial toxin does not kill the bacteria but only the insects?

A: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, which naturally produces a…

Q: How did Escherichia coli become pathogenic?

A: Escherichia coli or E. coli can be described as the gram negative, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped…

Q: Which statement about Yersinia pestis is false?a) Conditions inside human phagocytes activate…

A: Yersinia pestis is a non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that do not consists of spores.…

Q: How did the experiments of Redi and Pasteur refute the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?

A: According to the theory of spontaneous generation, life can arise spontaneously from non-living…

Q: Who were Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur?

A: Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch was born on December 11, 1843. He was a German physician and…

Q: streptomycin

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Q: Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same…

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Q: How will you explain Pasteur’s experiment in connection to the spontaneous generation idea?

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Q: Two microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of…

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Q: What was Leeuwenhoek’s contribution to microbiology?

A: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is widely regarded and acknowledged as the father of Microbiology .

Q: Describe the contributions of Leeuwenhoek and Pasteur to the science of microbiology.

A: Van Leeuwenhoek is basically credited with the discovery of microbes whereas  Hooke is credited as…

Q: Name the organism used in the dough for making bread.

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Q: Which of the following statements about Pasteurella multocida is false?a) Infections generally…

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Q: what is the connection between the  microbiologists Pasteur, Lancefield, Doudna and Semmelweis?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and associated topics. Microbiology has gone a long way…

Q: Which diseases did doctors need to rule out in the process of identifying Zika as the cause of…

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Q: In details, describe how members of the genus Clostridium cause disease.

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Q: Steroid drugs like prednisolone is produced from______.a) Rhizopus b) Penicillium c) Aagaricus d)…

A: A glucocorticoid medication that serves the function of suppressing the immune system along with…

Q: Describe the experiments Pasteur used to disprove theidea of spontaneous generation

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Q: Is the bacteria staphylococci harmful to humans?

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Q: What is an antibiotic? 1.An organism that inhibits the growth of other organisms 2.A synthetic…

A: Antibiotics are antibiotics that are used to treat infections caused by bacteria in humans and…

Q: Discuss the contributions of Lister, Pasteur, and Koch to the germ theory of disease and the…

A: Microbes are the small organisms that cannot be seen with unaided eyes.

Q: How did Robert Koch establish and showed his hypotheses concerning the Bacillus anthracis-caused…

A: Robert Koch was a German scientist , who is known for his postulates on bacteriology and his…

Q: Describe the four major events in the early history of microbiology. Define spontaneous generation…

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Q: Why would a bacteriostatic antibiotic that only INHIBITS growth of a pathogenic bacterium be useful…

A: Bacteriostatic antibiotics stops the growth of bacteria from reproducing and not necessarily kills…

Q: In the Griffith experiment, why didn't the bacteria from rough colonies harm the mice? Because they…

A: Bacteria like Streptococcus do not have membrane-bounded organelles, can reproduce individually,…

Q: Disease caused by Gram positive species is more significant than that caused by Gram negative…

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Q: What makes bacterial diseases such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens & Clostridium…

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Q: Which antibiotic listed would be most effective against E Coli?

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Q: What are the control group in the swan neck experiment of Pasteur and what did it show

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Q: 2) What if the disease-causing pathogen does not grow outside of the host?

A: Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. Pathogens cause disease either…

Q: Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope? Crick Pasteur Koch Van Leeuwenhoek…

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Q: how does the work of winogradsky and beijerink have contributed to research on bacterial pathogens ?…

A: The Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky discovered soil bacteria and also isolate anaerobic…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.