18. All the followings can be produced through Industrial Microbiology techniques except: a) antibiotics b)  Amino Acids c) steroids d) polysaccharides

While you were working on the oil spill problem, you received a report showing that the bacteria you intend to use are not present in significant quantities in that area of ​​the sea. How I can Find a solution to this shortage?

1. Which of the following bacterial species is not naturally competent? A) Bacillus subtilis В) Наеторhilus influenzae C) Escherichia coli D) Streptococcus рпеuтoniae 2. Bacterial species which are not naturally competent can be made competent in the laboratory by using a combination of metal ions and temperature changes. A) true B) false 3. If 10 ng of plasmid DNA yielded 10,000 transformants per milliliter (mL), the transformation efficiency is: A) 105 В) 105 C) 107 D) 105 4. Under optimal conditions, all the bacterial cells in a sample can be transformed. A) true B) false 5. The plasmid called pGal, carries a gene encoding the enzyme beta-galactosidase. What is the natural function of this enzyme? A) It protects cells from a specific type of antibiotic. B) It hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose. C) It is involved in plasmid replication. D) It is necessary for transformation. 6. The pGal plasmid also carries a gene designated as amp". What is the function of this gene? A) It protects…

What is an antibiotic? 1.An organism that inhibits the growth of other organisms 2.A synthetic chemical that kills bacteria 3.A chemical that inhibits microbial growth 4.All available answers are characteristics of an antibiotic.