Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Answer the following questions about evolution. Number your responses according to the questions (1-4).
- How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of your answer, provide an example.
- Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would you expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population.
- Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could you see if you returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell you mutations had occurred? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what you'd see in #2.
- If dark skin helps protect folate and that's so important for fetal development, why didn't all humans evolve to have dark skin? Why did humans living in the north and south evolve lighter skin? Use knowledge from the evolution lab to answer.
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- The gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. Imagine the unlikely case that the 11 individuals represented in the gel image above were truly representative of the population. What is the frequency (f) of allele 6? Give your answer as a percentage, to one decimal place, do not include the % symbol. Answer: In the gel image below the frequency of allele 6 is 18 percent. Photograph of UV illuminated 1 % agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 differentindividuals (A-K) A B C DE F G H IJK 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Key: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable numbertandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forwardA genetic mutation that causes deafness in humans has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. In a study of a population of 235 Turkish children, 48 displayed the recessive phenotype. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype in the population of Turkish children described above is (Record your answer with 2 decimal place)arrow_forwardGenes and inheritance have an impact on the lives of parents and their progeny, the F1 and F2 generations. Population genetics also deals with genetics, but in a different way. What is the definition of population genetics? How can the abundance of an allele be different in a population as compared with an individual of the population? (Hint: How can the phenotype of a population differ from that of an individual? Can a population have red flowers, pink flowers, and white flowers? Can one individual have all three types of flowers?)arrow_forward
- Imagine a population of 80 horses in which all individuals are homozygous for an allele A1. But then a mutation introduces a new allele, A2, in one horse which is a heterozygote for this locus. Assuming the mutation is neutral, and no further mutation occurs, answer the following questions. Question 16 What is the probability that A2 will eventually become fixed? Question 17 What is the probability that A2 will go extinct?arrow_forwardWOULD YOU HELP WITH BIOLOGYarrow_forwardNatural selection is dependent on several factors, including the ability a population to survive and reproduce within a particular environment. How are both of these factors modeled?arrow_forward
- You discover that there are 4 alleles for the “w” gene that determines wing shape in flies. Is this a violation of Hardy-Weinberg model? Group of answer choices Not if one of the alleles is present only in females. Not if the trait is determined by sexual selection. Not if all four alleles are present in the population. Yes, because Hardy-Weinberg can only be applied to genes with 2 alleles. None of the answers shown are correct.arrow_forwardA hypothetical population has two alleles for a “B" gene: B1 and B2. In a random sample of 50 diploid zygotes (for a total of 100 alleles), the following genotypes were found: 20 B1B1, 20 B1B2, and 10 B2B2 The above values represent the initial genotype frequencies of zygotes in the population. Let's say that selection acts against the B2 allele, and all 10 individuals with B2B2 genotype die off before reaching maturity (leaving 0 B2B2 individuals). (The number of surviving adults in the population is 40, so the number of alleles is 80). What is the new observed frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? O A. 0.10 О В. О.70 O C. 0.25 O D.0.50 O E. 0.75arrow_forwardStorage of excess carbohydrates in the diet in the form of fat would have helped human populations survive famine. However, this process is also a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes in modern populations. Modern populations vary greatly in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but there is no evidence that alleles increasing type 2 diabetes susceptibility have been under positive selection in human populations. Which of the following is the best inference we can draw from these findings. Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b C d Past selection for alleles increasing fat storage probably does not explain differences in type 2 diabetes prevalence in modern populations. Storage of excess carbohydrates probably does not contribute to type 2 diabetes. There is no genetic basis for differences between populations in type 2 diabetes. Fat storage has always been a deleterious trait for humans.arrow_forward
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