If there is 180 Liters of fluid passing through the glomerulus every 24 hours, then why doesn’t all of that 180 liters turn into urine for excretion?    1. Because most of that fluid is reabsorbe    2. Because most of that fluid is secreted into the blood   3. Because most of that fluid is absorbed back into the glomerulus   4. Because when the bladder fills up to its maximum capacity, water is absorbed back into the body directly from the bladder.

What does the hormone ADH (vasopressin) do to the nephrons in the kidney?    1-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that less fluid is excreted   2-ADH results in dehydration of the arterial blood 3-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that more fluid is excreted 4-ADH results in the addition of aquaporins in cells at specific regions of the nephron

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla? Select one: A. Loop of Henle B. Bowman's capsule C. Glomerulus D. Proximal convoluted tubule E. Afferent arteriole O O O O

As effective filtration pressure increases:   A. Glomerula filtration rate decreases. B. Filtrate production decreases. C. Gas exchange in the lungs increases. D. Reabsorption decreases in the nephron.

Diuresis is increased urinary excretion. 2-3 cups of coffee has a diuretic effect, most likely because it causes vasodilation of the afferent glomerular arteriole which leads to a change in glomerular filtration rate (how quickly/how much filtration is occurring). It also appears that caffeine has a natriuretic effect on the nephron, leading to decreased NaCl reabsorption. (from Rang et al., 2016; p594 & Shirley et al., 2002) Considering that information, describe the effects that Lacy's coffee consumption had on her hydration status

The forces that oppose glomerular filtration are:   W. osmotic force of proteins in the glomerular capillariesX. blood pressure in the glomerular capillariesY. fluid pressure in Bowman’s capsuleZ. ATP-dependent processes in the nephron Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e.   if all are correct

1. The location of the kidneys in the body is best described as being: In the pelvic cavity In the mediastinum retroperitoneal In the thoracic cavity 2. Place the structures of the renal tubule in the correct order from the start of filtration to completed urine in the collecting duct. descending (proximal) loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) distal convoluted tubule ascending (distal) loop of Henle Bowman's capsule 3. Place the structures of the blood flow in the nephron in the correct order. glomerulus afferent arteriole peritubular capillaries efferent arteriole cortical radiate veins

If the glomerular filtration rate is too low: A) The filtrate passes through the nephron tubules without secretion B) Needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly enough and are lost in the urine C) Little or nothing is reabsorbed and the urine is high in ammonia and uric acid D) None of these answers is correct E) The filtrate passes through the nephron tubules more quickly than normal

Several pharmacological agents have been shown to lower the pressure of the filtrate inside the lumen of nephrons. What affect will this have?     a hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR increases     b hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR decreases    c hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR decreases    d hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR increases

1) Compared to those of similarly sized birds and lizards, the kidneys of mammals ______. A) have larger glomeruli, but shorter nephron loops B) have larger glomeruli, but shorter nephron loops C) have lower concentration of urea in their renal medulla D) have higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in their renal medulla