If Ethidium bromide was not added to a gel, what would happen?

2. 9, 1 pts Cystic fibrosis is a disease which is caused by a defective CFTR gene. This form of the gene is recessive. Let "N"=normal CFTR gene and "n" = abnormal CFTR gene. What is the genotype of individual 1 in generation I? 1. %3D 2 3 II 2 3. 5. O NN O Nn O Either NN or Nn

What types of chromosome mutations are required to change this chromosome into the following chromosomes? (In some cases, more than one chromosome mutation may be required.) Q. A B • C F E D G

1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not? 2. How does a chromosomal duplication occur? 3. An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: B What would be the products if a crossover occurred between the genes F and E on the inverted chromosome and the normal chromosome? 4. An individual has the following reciprocal translocation: с D Centromere A B JI HGF ED CKLM Inverted region с D What would be the outcome of alternate segregation, adjacent -1 segregation and adjacent-2 segregation? 5. Two phenotypically unaffected parents produce two children with familial Down syndrome. Regarding chromosome 14 and 21, what are the chromosomal composition of the parents? 6. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions and duplications cause genetic imbalances. 7. Why do you think that deletions and monosomies are more detrimental than duplications and trisomies? 8. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid plants. 9.…

possibie up to 1.) 7.) The genotype of F, individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these four genes, what are the probabilities that F, offspring will have the following genotypes? (a) aabbccdd (b) AaBbCcDd (d) AaBBccDd (е) AаBBCСdd (c) AABBCCDD

34. For a given cross, the expected number of double recombinants is 20 and the observed number of double recombinants is 15.  What is the coefficient of coincidence (c)? What is the interference calculation (I)?

II. Given the following pedigree below, use Punnett squares for each of the following possibilities: a) X- linked dominant and b) X-linked recessive in order to determine what is the mode of transmission of this trait. Disease allele = XA or Xª, depending on mode of transmission of the disease respectively. *Unaffected/No carrier-Normal Unaffected X chromosome = X I || III 1 1 2 a) X-linked recessive 9 III 6 genotype (circle one): XX * 1 2 3 11x12 4 ΧΑΧΑ 2 5 xaxa *4 6 7 8 b) X-linked dominant 11 x 12 오 XAX хах

Now, figure out the complementation groups. This shows how many genes are involved in this pathway. Some of the mutant classes in the previous problem must contain more than one complementation group (gene) For example class 2 is defined by mutants 1,3,4,6, and 7. These mutants may, or may not, all be in the same gene. Complementation testing will help you know if they are, or are not, in the same gene. So there are actually additional steps between some of the letters. For example, maybe instead of XàY, it is really XàFàGàY.

The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What type of chromosome mutation would produce of the following groups of chromosomes? Q. A B • C D R S • T U V W X E F G

4. Allele specific oligo-nucleotide hybridization is a genetic test used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) associated with genetic diseases. It uses short sequences of labeled DNA as probes to bind onto either the normal allele or mutated allele in a patient's sample. Given that hemocystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease, use the results from the ASOH test below to determine the GENOTYPE and PHENOTYPE of the newborns born at Henry Mayo Hospital this week. Luis Mina Emma Elias Genotype Phenotype Allele H probe Allele h probe Luis Mina Emma Elias