If a regulator underestimates the aggregate marginal abatement cost of an industry when determining the “efficient” level of emissions, the true efficient level of emissions will be? (higher, lower or same). Hint: construct a graph with AMAC and MD.

Supply and Demand: End of Chapter Problems 9. Adjust each graph to show the indicated change. In each graph, click on the line or its midpoint to see the options. a. An increase in quantity demanded b. A decrease in demand Quantity Question Source: Chiang 4e- Economics Princidles FoHA Changing World Publisher: Worth 11:06 PI 65°F 10/13/20 Price

Suppose there are only two polluting firms, called A and B, with the following marginal abatement costs: 1602AA MACe=− and 100BB MACe=−, where A e represents firm A’s emissions in tons and B e represents firm B’s emissions in tons. Suppose the government wishes to ensure that the two firms together emit 60 tons of the pollutant and uses a Tradable Emission Permit (TEP) policy. Assume that each TEP allows its holder to emit 1 ton, and that the market for permits is perfectly competitive. a. Suppose the government initially distributes the total number of TEPs it issues  equally between the two firms. The permits are distributed free of charge. Once trade in permits takes place, what will be the equilibrium in the market for TEPs (i.e. which firm will buy how many TEPs from the other, and at what price)?  b. Briefly describe three problems of setting up a TEP market.

Consider an industry with two firms that emit a uniformly mixed air pollutant (e.g., carbon dioxide). The marginal abatement cost functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are: MAC1 = 100 - e1 MAC2 = 100 - 4e2 Aggregate emissions for the industry are denoted as E = e1 + e2. [1] In an unregulated environment how many units of emissions does each firm emit?             Firm 1’s unregulated level of emissions ____________             Firm 2’s unregulated level of emissions ____________             Total unregulated level of emissions ______________