Identify the cell types, transcription factors, and cytokines associated with Type 1, 2, and 3 immune responses. Type 1 Type 2 Answer Bank NK cells ILC3 cells IL-17 GATA3 TH1 cells RORYt ILC2 cells Type 3 IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 ILC1 cells TH17 cells T-Bet TH2 cells TNF-α IFN-Y amphiregulin

All of the following statements concerning regulatory T cells (Treg) are correct, EXCEPT: The regulatory cytokines produced by regulatory T cells are IL-12 and TGF-B O Thymocytes that recognize self-antigen in the thymus with a certain affinity become natural (central) regulatory T cells O In the periphery T cells that recognize self-antigen in the presence of TGF-B become induced regulatory T cells O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized itself provided that the peptides are derived from the same tissue O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized by itself provided that the peptides are presented by the same antigen-presenting cell (APC)

The innate immune response together with antibodies are generally not effective at clearing infections established by pathogens that replicate inside host cells. The evolution of T cells has provided a means for the immune response to ‘see’ intracellular infections based on the ability of T cells to: Secrete cytokines that diffuse into the infected tissue Activate type I interferon production by macrophages and dendritic cells Activate macrophages to induce inflammation Recognize pathogen-derived peptides on host MHC surface molecules Express cytoplasmic sensors for detecting pathogen-derived nucleic acids

The TNF family of cytokines and their receptors are critical for the development of secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches. As a consequence, knockout mice lacking expression of LT-b fail to develop most of these structures. Reconstitution of irradiated LT-b-deficient mice with bone marrow stem cells from wild-type mice (e.g., LT-b-sufficient) would: Restore all missing lymphoid structures in the recipient mice Restore the missing lymphoid structures but not the missing follicular dendritic cells in the recipient mice Restore the missing follicular dendritic cells but not the missing lymphoid structures in the recipient mice Have no effect on any lymphoid structures in the recipient mice Only restore the proper organization of B cell follicles in the recipient mice

Innate Defense Briefly describe the role of each in our innate defense system.. skin inflammation Турe here... Type here... mucous membranes fever Type here... Турe here... phagocytes natural killer cells Type here... Type here...

What part of defense would likely be affected if the pathogen contained a mutation in it's pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? the pathogen would secrete greater amounts of toxins. the pathogen might not be recognized by the host. the pathogen would be easily recognized by the host's TLRs. the pathogen would not be able to penetrate the host's physical barriers.

In a specific type of tumor, cytotoxic T cells can recognize but not kill the tumor cell. Interaction of PD-L1 in tumor cells with PD1 in cytotoxic T cells plays a role in shaping the immune response by initiating signal transduction cascades in both cell types.  What will happen if the  signal transduction cascade in cytotoxic T cells is blocked?    T cells will be activated and kill tumor cells    T cells can recognize the cancer cells but will not be activated     Tumor cell will undergo programmed cell death