I. During the past few decades, researchers have been using the 16S rRNA gene, which is a specific gene that is universally carried by all bacteria, to reveal the phylogenetic identities of bacteria. What does the small letter "r" in the "16S rRNA gene" stand for? Use one word to answer the question.

1)  Where in the heck did Class I transposons originate?   a DNA mutations. b Bacteria. c Prophages. d Retroviruses.   2)  What do you think about humans only having about 22,500 genes but we contain about 100,000 proteins?!   a The production of quaternary shape in proteins can contribute to protein variation. b That's the work of the spliceosome! c Post-translation modifications in the Golgi Apparatus are responsible for some of that. d All the answers are correct.

Use the graph to identify the most likely consensus sequences. Assume this is a prokaryoticcell, label Pribnow box

1. Use the prokaryotic gene DNA sequence below to answer the following questions: 1 11 21 ATGAAGCTAC 51 TTTGCCCAGG 101 ACATCTGACA 61 TTTGACAGTC TTCTATCGAA CAAGCATATA ATCAGCGATA 71 111 31 121 AGGTTTAACA ACATGTCAAG TGCTCCAAAG AAAAACCGAA 81 141 GGGAAAAAAT CCCCCCCCCC TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCG d. Where is the 3' UTR? Circle one. 12-72 35-72 131 109-146 41 a. Write the corresponding sequences, circle & label them in the sequence above: -35 consensus sequence: (label as -35) -10 consensus sequence (Pribnow box): Shine-Delgarno sequence in the corresponding mRNA: Start (initiation) codon in the corresponding mRNA: Stop (termination) codon in the corresponding mRNA: (label as PB) 91 c. What will be the nascent polypeptide sequence translated from this mRNA? (label as SD) (label as start) b. What region of this prokaryotic DNA sequence will be transcribed into mRNA? Circle one. 1-120 35-108 54-146 72-146 (label as stop) 121-146

How is Bacterial DNA structure similar or different with Fungal DNA structure? Please provide a picture for both structure/models