Human Horse Accumulation of additional mutations Human Horse Divergence into different species to create orthologs Accumulation of different mutations Gene duplication to create paralogs Ancestral globin gene

Human Horse Accumulation of additional mutations Human Horse Divergence into different species to create orthologs Accumulation of different mutations Gene duplication to create paralogs Ancestral globin gene

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter6: Cytogenetics: Karyotypes And Chromosome Aberrations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17QP

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

Question

Take a look at the α-globin and β-globin amino acid sequences. Which sequences are more similar, the α globin in humans and the α globin in horses, or the α globin in humans and the β globin in humans? Based on your answer, would you conclude that the gene duplication that gave rise to the α-globin and β-globin genes occurred before or after the divergence of humans and horses? Explain your reasoning.

Human
Horse
Accumulation of
additional mutations
Human
Horse
Divergence into different
species to create orthologs
Accumulation of
different mutations
Gene duplication
to create paralogs
Ancestral globin gene

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