When comparing the α-globin protein in cow and humans, you find that they differ at 20 of the 165 amino acid sites in the alignment. What is the proportion of substitutions that have occurred since humans and cows diverged from each other?

Q: 18) Based on your knowledge of lactose system in prokaryotes) and considering the following…

A: Operon is the gene regulatory mechanism of prokaryotic organisms. In case of lactose operon the…

Q: Which pair of sequences demonstrate the strongest case of "excess similarity"? a) Two nucleotide…

A: The nucleotide sequence consists of repetitive nitrogen bases of adenine, thymine, guanine, and…

Q: Rank the following base pairs according to their stability. Rank from most to least stable. To rank…

A: Below is the stability order:

Q: You have just created the world’s first genomic library from the African okapi, a relative of the…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. It consists of purines and…

Q: Take a look at the multiple-sequence alignment shown ofthe globin polypeptides, focusing on amino…

A: BLAST is a local alignment search tool that is used to obtain the nucleotide or protein sequences of…

Q: Minghao, Mingyu's laboratory partner, was assigned to work on a double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) sample…

A: DNA is the genetic material present in our body. DNA structure is right handed double helix in which…

Q: Using sickle-cell anemia as a basis, describe what is meant by a genetic or inherited molecular…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or body that does not work properly and causes a…

Q: The A+T:G+C ratios in DNA of cattle and rat are very similar. Would you expect the +RNAs, rRNAs,…

A: Gene expression refers to the highly regulated complex biological mechanism involving the…

Q: A scientist is researching GS1, an enzyme with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 78,000 present in a…

A: Genetic code is a triplet codon.

Q: A common strategy for identifying distantly relatedhomologous proteins is to search the database…

A: Introduction: Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that combines biology,…

Q: If we say that a certain STR locus has “high heterozygosity” in the human population, what do we…

A: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers or "core loci" are required for the entry of DNA genotype data…

Q: You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a…

A: It is given in the question that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino…

Q: The amount of G plus C in an organism’s DNA is 64% of the total base content of that DNA. What are…

A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is that the genetic material present in archaea, eubacteria,…

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: There are basically two main types of gene transfer - Vertical gene transfer and Horizontal gene…

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: Genes are the functional units of DNA and express a functional protein. They are made up of…

Q: What does the third position imply when it comes to tRNA wobble effect and what the wobble effect…

A: Wobble base pairing : It is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules . The four main…

Q: Use the sequence alignment tool Smith and Waterman for the amino acid number 16-30 of the protein…

A: The Smith-Waterman algorithm uses local sequence alignment to find similar regions between two…

Q: When comparing the a-globin protein in cow and humans, you find that they differ at 17 of the 149…

A: Amino Acid:  Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The building blocks of life are amino…

Q: What is the principle behind the very specific sequence in donning and doffing PPEs? Explain

A: PPE -- refers to the personal protective equipments which help against the spread of infection and…

Q: Recombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to…

A: In this scenario, we explore aspects of recombinant protein production using a genetically modified…

Q: The HbβS(sickle-cell) allele of the human β-globingene changes the sixth amino acid in the…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder in which an improper folding of hemoglobin occurs. In this…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which…

A: CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator…

Q: Figure shows a part of the sequence alignment of human and whale myoglobin proteins. Please explain…

A: The condition represented in the sequence alignment is amino acid replacement. In amino-acid…

Q: In a genomic analysis looking for a specific disease gene,one candidate gene was found to have a…

A: The discovery, measurement, or comparison of genomic properties such as DNA sequence, structural…

Q: If pET32a(+) is digested simultaneously with BamHI and BclI, 5.1.  How many fragments are created?…

A: pET-32 is a unique sequence outlined for cloning and high-standard peptide sequences expression.

Q: 1) In MALDI-TOF data, when performing peptide mass mapping search, a) The number of peptides…

A: Protein identification with the help of mass spectrometry (MS) is an major step in proteomic…

Q: Based on the alignment of these protein sequences below, which [pairs] of the genes appear to be…

A: Based on the alignment of the protein sequences provided in the image, it appears that: SEQUENCE 2…

Q: If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human…

A: CG directly activates pDCs and B cells. The resultant immune response is characterized by the…

Q: Is the formula "genotype + environment=phenotype" accurate?

A: Genotype  It is the contents of genome. Phenotype   It is the physical appearance.

Q: Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport…

A: The mutation is an alteration in the sequence of DNA. Codon is a 3 DNA nucleotide sequence that is…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.