When comparing the α-globin protein in cow and humans, you find that they differ at 20 of the 165 amino acid sites in the alignment. What is the proportion of substitutions that have occurred since humans and cows diverged from each other?

Q: 18) Based on your knowledge of lactose system in prokaryotes) and considering the following…

A: Operon is the gene regulatory mechanism of prokaryotic organisms. In case of lactose operon the…

Q: Which pair of sequences demonstrate the strongest case of "excess similarity"? a) Two nucleotide…

A: The nucleotide sequence consists of repetitive nitrogen bases of adenine, thymine, guanine, and…

Q: Rank the following base pairs according to their stability. Rank from most to least stable. To rank…

A: Below is the stability order:

Q: You have just created the world’s first genomic library from the African okapi, a relative of the…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. It consists of purines and…

Q: Take a look at the multiple-sequence alignment shown ofthe globin polypeptides, focusing on amino…

A: BLAST is a local alignment search tool that is used to obtain the nucleotide or protein sequences of…

Q: In a folded protein, Glu116 is close in three-dimensional space to Lys224. The pKa of the carboxylic…

A: pKa is the pH at which a weak acid is 50% dissociated. Alternatively, pKa = -log Ka. In acid-base…

Q: Minghao, Mingyu's laboratory partner, was assigned to work on a double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) sample…

A: DNA is the genetic material present in our body. DNA structure is right handed double helix in which…

Q: The earlier that two genes arose from a duplicated gene, themore their nucleotide sequences can have…

A: The HBB gene encodes instructions to form a protein known as beta-globin or hemoglobin beta. This…

Q: A very common molecular biology research method is to analyze cell or tissue homogenates by…

A: In molecular biology research, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting,…

Q: 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is…

A: 5-Bromouridine is a uridine subordinate with a Bromo substituent at the fifth carbon. Br -Urd is…

Q: Using sickle-cell anemia as a basis, describe what is meant by a genetic or inherited molecular…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or body that does not work properly and causes a…

Q: The A+T:G+C ratios in DNA of cattle and rat are very similar. Would you expect the +RNAs, rRNAs,…

A: Gene expression refers to the highly regulated complex biological mechanism involving the…

Q: A scientist is researching GS1, an enzyme with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 78,000 present in a…

A: Genetic code is a triplet codon.

Q: A common strategy for identifying distantly relatedhomologous proteins is to search the database…

A: Introduction: Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that combines biology,…

Q: If we say that a certain STR locus has “high heterozygosity” in the human population, what do we…

A: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers or "core loci" are required for the entry of DNA genotype data…

Q: You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a…

A: It is given in the question that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino…

Q: If an average amino acid is 110Da, how many amino acids would you predict to have in a polypeptide…

A: This process is called the central dogma of life. DNA is transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is…

Q: What does the third position imply when it comes to tRNA wobble effect and what the wobble effect…

A: Wobble base pairing : It is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules . The four main…

Q: What makes the initiator tRNAmet so special?  Does this have any impact on the amino acid sequence…

A: Protein synthesis is initiated by the start codon decoded by the tRNA. The anticodon triplet series…

Q: What is the principle behind the very specific sequence in donning and doffing PPEs? Explain

A: PPE -- refers to the personal protective equipments which help against the spread of infection and…

Q: TRUE or FALSE a) The deoxyribose connects to N9 of guanine. b) In a dsDNA, a pyrimidine in one…

A: Purines and pyrimidines are nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. They are the major components of…

Q: Recombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to…

A: In this scenario, we explore aspects of recombinant protein production using a genetically modified…

Q: If the bandicoot genome is 3.62 x 109 base pairs, and the "highly repetitive DNA" fraction is…

A: The genome is the entire DNA content (in base pair) of a haploid (n) cell. That means in case of a…

Q: If the amino acid sequences of monkeys and humans in the protein of two organisms are similar, why…

A: Amino acids  Amino Acids are known as building blocks of proteins. There are many different kind of…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which…

A: CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator…

Q: Figure shows a part of the sequence alignment of human and whale myoglobin proteins. Please explain…

A: The condition represented in the sequence alignment is amino acid replacement. In amino-acid…

Q: In a genomic analysis looking for a specific disease gene,one candidate gene was found to have a…

A: The discovery, measurement, or comparison of genomic properties such as DNA sequence, structural…

Q: 1) In MALDI-TOF data, when performing peptide mass mapping search, a) The number of peptides…

A: Protein identification with the help of mass spectrometry (MS) is an major step in proteomic…

Q: Based on the alignment of these protein sequences below, which [pairs] of the genes appear to be…

A: Based on the alignment of the protein sequences provided in the image, it appears that: SEQUENCE 2…

Q: If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human…

A: CG directly activates pDCs and B cells. The resultant immune response is characterized by the…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.