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- explain why the cells in the morula are genetically identical. The answer must be as short as possible!Which genomes are larger, those of chloroplasts orthose of mitochondria? How does your genome comparewith that of yeast in overall size and gene number?How many copies of the genome does a haploid yeast cell have?
- The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid: a. Between which two stages of the Neurospora life cycle do most mitotic cell divisions occur? b. Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below: Suppose I have a neurospora strain that has a mutation such that it will not grow unless I supplement the media (food) with arginine (but not with citrulline or ornithine). What gene is mutated? Explain your reasoning. c. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not ornithine supplements. Assming genes A, B and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per strain: i) What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? ii) What percentage on citrulline? iii) What percentage on arginine? Show your work for i), ii) and iii). [Can be answered in less…For a haploid fungus, the starting point in the biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine is Compound X, which is always present in and absorbed from the environment. The arginine biosynthetic pathway is: Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme Ç Compound X It is know that genes encoding enzymes A and C are on two different chromosomes. Compound Y Compound Z- Arginine A mutant strain of genotype a (lacking only enzyme A) is crossed to a mutant strain of genotype c (lacking only enzyme C) to generate a diploid strain. Sporulation (i.e. meiosis) is subsequently induced in the resulting diploid strain. What proportion of the spores (haploids formed by sporulation) is expected to grow on medium without arginine but supplemented with Compound Y? O 100% 50% 0% 25%Researchers systematically replaced 414 essential genes in yeast with similar genes from humans. Almost half of these transplants (47%) were successful: cells with the humanized gene were able to function and grow. What does this observation tell us about differences between yeast and humans? How might this information be used?
- The table shows three related species of potato, and the number of chromosomes each species carries in its somatic cells. S. avilesii is diploid. S. tuberosum is the widely cultivated species. Potatoes propagate by asexual reproduction and do not depend only on gametes for reproduction. Species Number of chromosomes in somatic cells S. tuberosum is likely to be a larger, more vigorous plant than S. avilesii. Classify each statement about these potato species as true or false. Gametes produced by S. microdontum contain 18 chromosomes. S. microdontum is aneuploid. S. microdontum is a triploid with 3x chromosomes. Solanum avilesii True 24 The basic chromosome number (x) for these species is 6. S. tuberosum is a tetraploid with 4x chromosomes. Solanum microdontum 36 The basic chromosome number (x) for these species is 12. S. microdontum could have arisen only from a cross between S. avilesii and S. tuberosum. False Solanum tuberosum 48 S. microdontum could have arisen from a cross between…According to the endosymbiosis theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from bacteria that took up residence withineukaryotic cells. At one time, prior to being taken up by eukaryoticcells, these bacteria were free-living organisms. However, we cannot take a mitochondrion or chloroplast out of a living eukaryoticcell and get it to survive and replicate on its own. Discuss why not.You cross two yeast strains one is an ade auxotroph the other is a pro auxotroph and allow the diploid to sporulate. When you score each spore in the ascus you find the following proportions: 518 PD, 8 NPD, and 225 T. a.) What are the genotypes of each spore in all three types of the tetrads. b) Are these genes linked why or why not? c.) If these genes are unlinked what would you expect the progeny numbers and ratios to be? d.) What is the formula to determine the most accurate distance between these genes? If linked what is the map distance?
- The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid. b) Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not with ornithine supplements. Assuming gens A, B, and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per stain: What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? What percentage on citrulline? What percentage on arginine?In a particular plant species, 2n=12. For this organism, how many chromosomes, and how many DNA molecules will be present per cell for each of the following? a) leaf in cell G1 b) leaf cell in G2 c)root meristem cell in metaphase of mitosis d) root meristem cell in anaphase of mitosis e) root meristem cell in telophase of mitosis (cytokinesis complete) f) microspore mother cell (in anther) in prophase 1 of meiosis g) microspore mother cell in metaphase II of meiosis h) pollen grain ( after meiosis is and cytokinesis complete)8) The diagram below represents a yeast cell that is in the process of budding, a form of asexual reproduction. Nucleus -Bud "Nucleus Which of the following statements describes the outcome of this process? A) The two cells that result will each contain half the species number of chromosomes. B) The two cells that result will have identical DNA. C) The bud will develop into a zygote. D) The bud will start to divide by the process of meiotic cell division.