How many ATP can be produced from the catabolism of one glucose molecule. (Assume that each NADH produces 2.5 ATP, and each FADH2 produces 1.5 ATP, and that NADH produced in glycolysis use the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle.)

Unlike a rabbit, running all-out for a few moments to escape a predator, migratory birds require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citric acid cycle. Compare the regulation of muscle glycolysis during short-term intense activity, as in a fleeing rabbit, and during extended activity, as in the migrating duck. Why must the regulation in these two settings be different? Extended activity requires the highly efficient anaerobic metabolism of fats, rather than the less efficient aerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity requires the highly efficient aerobic oxidation of fats, rather than the less efficient anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity stimulates glycolysis because the concentrations of citrate and acetyl-CoA are…

If each NADH generates 3 ATP molecules and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP molecules, calculate the number of ATP molecules generated from one saturated 10-carbon fatty acid.

Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. (multiple answers) Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1

The net yield of one molecule of glucose completing glycolysis and the TCA cycle is ... Group of answer choices 2 ATP + 2 GTP + 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 6 CO2 2 GTP + 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 6 CO2 33 ATP + 6 CO2 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is used to produce ATP. Which of the two phosphates of 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate is transferred to ADP to make ATP. Explain why it is this specific phosphate and not the other one.

How many ATP equivalent are produced from the complete oxidation of one pyruvate to three CO2

Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one example, generates [FADN2, NADH, and Acetyle-CoA or FADH, GTP, and NADPH]  , all of which can be converted to ATP (108 of them to be exact) via oxidative phosphorylation.  This is a [greater or smaller]  yield of ATP per carbon atom compared to glucose.  Ketogenesis is a process where acetyl-CoA (including that from breakdown of fatty acids) is converted to ketone bodies under conditions where carbohydrates are [in excess or liminting]  .  Acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate are delivered from liver to the blood stream where they  provide energy for [cardiac and skeletal muscle as well as brain or synthesis of glycogen]  . [Insulin or glucagon]  promotes ketogenesis by stimulating fatty acid export from adipose tissue.

Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. 1. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles 2. Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced 3. Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) 4. Total number of ATP deducted 5. Total net ATP

The glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and glucokinase (in human liver cells) catalyze the conversion of: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate (producing ATP) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (producing NADH) phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate (producing ATP) fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (consuming ATP) glucose into glucose-6-phosphate (consuming ATP)   Which of the following glycolytic enzymes must consume ATP during phosphorylation of its preferred substrate molecule? phosphoglycerate mutase succinate dehydrogenase phosphoglycerate kinase phosphofructokinase pyruvate kinase