Answered: How is the chi-square goodness-of-fit…

How is the chi-square goodness-of-fit test used to analyze genetic crosses? What does the probability associated with a chi-square value indicate about the results of a cross?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter11: The Basic Principles Of Heredity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11TYU: Individuals of genotype AaBb were mated to individuals of genotype aabb. One thousand offspring were...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: What is an allele is lethal only under certain conditions?

A: Lethal alleles as the term suggests are the death-causing alleles and occur due to mutation. The…

Q: For linkage analysis, a test cross is used rather than a hybrid cross. Why is this essential? Why…

A: Test cross allows to measure the frequency of gametes indirectly which is made by an individual.…

Q: tic crosses, why is it important to identify the gametes that each individua

A: Genetics- it is the branch of science which deals with the study of heredity and evolution.…

Q: What is a complementation test and what is it used for?

A: Gene is a functional unit of hereditary, its expression plays a vital role in determining the…

Q: What is the maximum possible number of doses of pigmentation for a given plant? . How many color…

A: There are few points: Traits are classified into phenotypic character Number of gene pairs that are…

Q: What does the symbol arg-1 mean? How would you test for this genotype?

A: The names of the gene must be informative as well as concise. Every gene name should be exclusive…

Q: What is cross-matching?

A: The cross-match procedure determines whether donor blood is compatible with recipient blood.…

Q: What could be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a typical mendelian trait showed in the…

A: The ratios of visible traits are referred to as phenotypic ratios. The genotypic ratios are the…

Q: If the probability of being blood-type A is 1/8 and the probability of blood-type O is 1/2, what is…

A: Blood type: there are four types of blood groups i.e., A, B , AB and O classified on the basis of…

Q: How does a Punnett square helppredict the genotypes and phenotypes of agenetic cross?

A: Reginald C. Punnett disigned the punnett square. A square that helps to predict the genotype and…

Q: How many distinct phenotypes will a AaBbCc x aaBBCc cross have?

A: A trait is a characteristic feature that is unique to particular individual. A trihybrid cross is a…

Q: How can one use a pedigree chart to hypothesize how a certain condition is transmitted? Can a…

A: An individual's genotype determines his or her phenotype. The genotype is established by the alleles…

Q: Would it be possible to deduce the law of independent assortmentfrom a single-factor cross? Explain…

A: Single-factor cross or monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms of a species to study the…

Q: What will be the results of the following crosses, where N is black, n is brown, L is short hair and…

A: A dihybrid cross represents the combination of two species that are hybrid in two ways. A…

Q: In which type of cross(es) can we apply and demonstrate the law of segregation and law of…

A: Law of independent assortment and law of segregation were introduced by Gregor Johann Mendel.…

Q: Two corn plants heterozygous for purple and smooth kernels are crossed. What is the chi-squared…

A: A dihybrid cross between two corm plant heterozygous for purple and smooth kernels are crosses.…

Q: How can the product rule be used to predict the results of crosses in which multiple genes are…

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: What is a test cross, and how do you determine it?

A: Test cross:In genetics, test cross is used to define the genetic makeup of a dominant gene by…

Q: What is meant by test cross and how is it significant to genetics?

A: The branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, heredity and genetic variations are termed…

Q: What ratio of genotypes to phenotypes is observed in a two-point test cross if genes are unlinked?

A: A test cross is performed between a dominant and a recessive phenotype to determine the zygosity,…

Q: What are the expected progeny (genotypes and phenotypes) from a cross of an AA plant with an Aa…

A: A cross is made to predict the traits of the progeny related to the parents. In a monohybrid cross,…

Q: Apply the product rule and sum rule appropriately when predicting the outcomes of genetic crosses.

A: The rule of multiplication states the probability that a compound event is the product of the…

Q: Would it be possible to deduce the law of independent assortmentby analyzing the results of…

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: How do I create a forked line graph for crossing two genotypes? Such as AaBb•aaBB

A: The forked-line method can be used to solve dihybrid and multihybrid crosses. A problem is…

Q: Using the two Hardy-Weinberg equations, calculate the allelic and genotypic freq

A: In populace genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg rule, otherwise called the Hardy–Weinberg harmony expresses…

Q: Can a monohybrid cross be used to illustrate Mendel’s principle of independent assortment?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: a phenotype aB from an Aabb x aaBb cross? an ab gamete from an aaBB individual?

A: A trait is a characteristic feature that is unique to particular individual. In dihybrid cross , two…

Q: Among the crosses below which will give a 1:1:1:1 ratio of genotypes in the F1? Group of answer…

A: A gene is a region of DNA that encodes a protein. The variants of a gene are known as alleles.…

Q: A X cross, is conducted when an organism with the dominant phenotype and unknown genotype is crossed…

A: This is the test cross, where an organism with dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed…

Q: In a cross between fair skin, black hair (heterozygous for all these traits) with brown skin, red…

A: The genes are found on different chromosomes, occasionally far apart, but on the same chromosome,…

Q: What happens if a karyotype test is not normal?

A: Karyotype is a chromosome complement of a cell which provides chromosomal aspects such as number,…

Q: What blood types are possible among the children of a cross between a man who is blood-type A and a…

A: ABO blood group system Classification of blood is based on the presence or absence of inherited…

Q: What happens when the parental strains differ in two traits, for example when a strain having yellow…

A: Mendel proposed the laws of inheritance to explain the transmission of genetic traits.

Q: what is a test cross？Is AA x aa，Aa x aa， Aa x AA ， Aa x Aa all considered as a test cross？

A: A gene is present in different forms that are expressed in a phenotype; allele is a one of the…

Q: What are the genotypes (and the ratio) when you cross B/b with B/b/b?

A: Inheritance is the process of transmitting the traits from parent to offspring. Traits of an…

Q: what is incomplete dominance? give examples. use F1 and F2 punnet squares.

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: Can you identify with certainty the genotype of a black poodle? A brown poodle?

A: The black poodle and the brown poodle are two of the most popular dog breeds in the world. They are…

Q: You have a garden and some pea plants have dark leaves and others have striped leaves. You conduct a…

A: A Monohybrid cross is a cross between two homozygous individuals who have distinct alleles for one…

Q: what is the true breeding means and what a test cross is?

A: The true breeding means when the organisms produce offspring with the same phenotype as their own.…

Q: What can you conclude based on the value of the computed Chi-square? How can you relate the two…

A: Gregor Mendel was a biologist and is also the father of genetics.

Q: What are some of the ratios and genetic patterns that result due to non-Mendelian crosses/gene…

A: Incomplete Dominance and co-dominance are the most common types of Non- Mendelian genetic patters…

Q: what does this picture show？what is possible genotype for female parent？what is genotype for male？？

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: What is a test cross?

A: Cross A cross is the mating of 2 different parents towards formation of offsprings. There are…

Q: A pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. What is the probability of…

A: Father of genetics Gregor proposed patterns of inheritance: Law of Independent AssortmentThe law…

Q: If we actually did the cross and got 1150 yellow and 350 green. Would this be a consistent with what…

A: Chi square test is performed to test the fitness of the observed samples with that of the expected…

Q: Why are some crosses not performed in a complementation matrix?

A: Complementation is the capacity of 2 mutants in combination to reinstate the normal phenotype. The…

Q: How can you use the product rule and sum rule to calculate the probability of a particular genotype…

A: In genetics the product rule can be defined as the probability of the independent events that is…

Q: Why is it more efficient to perform a test cross with a homozygous recessive donor than a homozygous…

A: The set of alleles for a given trait in an organism is called genotype, while the observable traits…

Q: Can you show the cross on how to get the answers? What is the ratio that is expected with…

A: When reproductive cells develop, the Principle of Independent Assortment describes how different…

Q: Assuming independent assortment, what proportion of the offspring of the cross AabbCCdd × AaBbccDd…

A: Both tetra hybrid cross-sections are heterozygous for each feature, of which four, hybrid features…

Concept explainers

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.

Question

How is the chi-square goodness-of-fit test used to analyze genetic crosses? What does the probability associated with a chi-square value indicate about the results of a cross?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Individuals of genotype AaBb were mated to individuals of genotype aabb. One thousand offspring were counted, with the following results: 474 Aabb, 480 aaBb, 20 AaBb, and 26 aabb. What type of cross is it? Are these loci linked? What are the two parental classes and the two recombinant classes of offspring? What is the percentage of recombination between these two loci? How many map units apart are they?
What are the expected phenotypic ratios from the following cross:Tt Rr yy Aa × Tt rr YY Aa, where T = tall, t = dwarf, R = round,r = wrinkled, Y = yellow, y = green, A = axial, a = terminal; T, R,Y, and A are dominant alleles. Note: Consider using the multiplication method in answering this problem
In which type of cross(es) can we apply and demonstrate the law of segregation and law of independent assortment? Why can’t we apply the 2 Mendelian laws on monohybrid crosses? Explain briefly. How can one use a pedigree chart to hypothesize how a certain condition is transmitted? Can a pedigree chart show probability of occurrence more accurately than the Punnett square? Why or why not?
A series of three-point testcrosses is made to determine the genetic map order of seven linked allele pairs: A/a, B/b, G/g, H/h, Q/q, R/r, and Y/y.From each cross between a triply heterozygous parent listed below, two recombinant classes were noticed as the least frequent among all 8 progeny classes, and are listed at the right in the table. A. For each testcross write the genotype of the F1 heterozygous parent. F1 Parental Phenotype Least frequent F2 Phenotype 1.AHB&ahb AHb & ahB 2.RYh&ryH RYH & ryh 3.BhY&bHy Bhy & bHY 4.qYB&Qyb qYb & QyB 5.AbQ&aBq Abq & aBQ 6.ghR&GHr ghr & GHR B. Write the unified map order of these genes, showing your reasoning.
For many students, calculating the chi square value is the most challenging part of conducting a chi square test so it is important to practice. Consider the following information: An F1 tall, round seed pea plant is crossed with a dwarf, wrinkled seed pea plant. The following offspring are observed: Tall, round: 510 Tall, wrinkled: 495 Dwarf, round: 490 Dwarf, wrinkled: 505 a. What is the expected phenotype ratio? #:# or #:#:#:#, depending on what you think the answer is. b. What is the calculated chi-square value? Format your answer with 1 significant digit (i.e. 0.#). c. What is the critical chi-square value from the table provided in the book at the P=0.05 level of significance? Enter the number exactly as shown in this table.
What is a complementation test and what is it used for?
Calculate the Chi square for cross 1 and cross 2 from the data in the attached image. Cross1: Phenotypes Ratio Observed Expected (O-E)2/E Totals X2 = Cross 2: Phenotypes Ratio Observed Expected (O-E)2/E Totals X2 =
What are the expected phenotypic ratios in the offspring of the following crosses (written as red : orange : green)? Use the most simplified ratio (e.g. 1 : 4 instead of 2 : 8). Fill in 0 if none of the offspring from a cross will be a particular color. RRgg x rrGg - red : orange : green RrGg x RrGg - red : orange : green RrGg x rrGg - red : orange : green
The following are F2 results of two Mendel mono hybrid crosses. For each cross state a null hypothesis to be tested using x2 analysis. a) full pods 882 constricted pods 299 b) violet flowers 705 white flowers 224. Calculate the X2value and determine the p value for both. Interpret the p values. Can the deviation in each case be attributed to chance or not? Which of the two crosses shows a greater amount of deviation?
A genetic engineer was attempting to cross a tiger and a cheetah. She predicted a phenotypic outcome of the traits she was observing to be in the following ratio: 4 stripes only: 3 spots only: 9 both stripes and spots. When the cross was performed and she counted the individuals she found 50 with stripes only, 41 with spots only and 85 with both. What is the computed chi-square value? А. 3.126 В. 2.415 С. 4.001 D. 1.163
What does the symbol arg-1 mean? How would you test for this genotype?
A genetic engineer was attempting to cross a tiger and a cheetah. She predicted a phenotypic outcome of the traits she was observing to be in the following ratio: 4 (stripes only): 3 (spots only): 9 (both stipes and spots). When the cross was performed and she counted the individuals she found 50 with stripes only, 41 with spots only and 85 with both. According to the Chi-square test, did she get the predicted outcome?