how is the 0.5 McFarland standard prepared? What is the role of this standard in performing antimicrobial susceptibility test?

Polymer nanoparticles, Microparticles and hydrogels have been developed for slow and sustained drug release for slow and sustained drug release application; mark all that apply below:   1)Drug release from hydrogels can be via (a) drug diffusion, (b) degradation of the polymeric matrix and (c) swelling 2) PLGA degrades to lactic acid and glycolic acid, which are not biocompatible 3) Drug release can be triggered through internal and external stimuli - I.e. by use of pH labile chemistries or external triggers 4) Burst release describes the initial faster release rates often observed in drug delivery system, which is then followed by sustained release 5) while burst release is observed with polymer nanoparticles, it is not observed from hydrogels

which method should I use for a culture that can find new peptides with antitumor activity?

1.a)What is the equivalence point and how does it  relate to the recommended proportion of serum to blood in the heme agglutination assay? b. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too little serum in this assay? Why? c. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too much serum in assay? Why?