The disc diffusion assay measuring a disinfectant's effectiveness against a microorganism is more standardized than measuring an antibiotic's effectiveness with the kirby-Bauer assay. a) True b) False
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The disc diffusion assay measuring a disinfectant's effectiveness against a microorganism is more standardized than measuring an antibiotic's effectiveness with the kirby-Bauer assay.
a) True
b) False
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- Centrifugation is the first step in most fractionations, but it separates only components that differ greatly in size. Compare and contrast very high, high, medium, and low-speed centrifugations of supernatant mixtures. Define the following: SDS Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis and ImmunoprecipitationIn the ELISA, the pH the coating buffer was 9.6 whereas the pH of the sample buffer (PBS based) was 7.4 a) Why was the pH of the coating buffer so different?b) What is “coating buffer” for an ELISA? Does the buffer molecule usedmake sense based on the desired pH?In an ELISA procedure the samples are incubated and the ELISA plate iscovered with parafilm and placed in a humidified chamber to preventevaporation of the small liquid volumes in the wells.c) How would your results change if you did not incubate in a humidifiedchamber?3) Were all of the conditions of a standardized Kirby-Bauer test met as you performed this assay? If not, which were not? 4) What is the significance of colonies that develop within otherwise clear zones of inhibition? If the laboratory report for one of your patients indicated colonies within the zone, what concerns would you have for your patient?
- The following pictures show the results of a Disk Diffusion Assay for different types of bacteria. For each bacteria, what antibiotic would you recommend be used on the patient? Explain your choice.A) One assay format that might be appropriate for developing a point of care diagnostic kit to determine the presence of a pathogen in a patient. B) One assay that would be appropriate to study which location of the lung is being targeted by a virus.Not only is blood agar an enriched medium that can support fastidious organism growth, but it can also serve as a differential medium in the identification of streptococcal species because of the presence of red blood cells that can be destroyed by an organism's hemolysins. Looking at this photo, how could you describe the organism growing on the surface of this blood agar plate? Multiple Choice a) Gamma-hemolytic b) Alpha-hemolytic c) Non-hemolytic d) Beta-hemolytic
- -Two hundred patients without chest pain were screened with a new biochemical test that showed 190 had a negative screening result. What is the test's specificity? a) 80% b) 95% c) 90% d) 75%A suspected pathogen is observed from the blood of a diseased mouse. An investigation of the other mice in the area indicates that it is not present in healthy mice. With Koch's postulates in mind, what is the next step to determine whether or not this suspected pathogen is the cause of disease in the mouse? a) Grow the suspected pathogen in a pure culture Ob) Re-isolate the suspected pathogen and show that it is the same as the original pathogen c) Inoculate a healthy mouse with the suspected pathogen O d) Determine whether the organism in the pure culture is the same one as in the original sampleWhich of the following is TRUE when one assay bacteriophage titers? You should: a) first mix the phages with a live bacterial culture and then pour the mixture on the agar plate b) directly add the phage dilution onto the surface of an agar plate c) add tryptic soy broth to the phage dilution and incubate overnight d) incubate a phage solution with live bacterial cells for several minutes. You must add soft agar to the mixture before pouring the content on the agar plate
- Outline the principle behind the following techniques: 1. Immunofixation 2. Southern blotting 3. Ion exchange chromatograph 4. SDS-PAGE.1.a)What is the equivalence point and how does it relate to the recommended proportion of serum to blood in the heme agglutination assay? b. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too little serum in this assay? Why? c. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too much serum in assay? Why?A COVID-19 test, which produce result in 10 minutes, has the following test characteristics. The test has a 95% sensitivity and a 95% specificity. The State of Massachusetts is in dilemma whether to test symptomatic individuals or the entire residents to decrease the spread of infection as depicted in the following two scenarios. Scenario A. The State of Massachusetts wants to administer the test on 40,000 individuals who will develop cough, fever and shortness of breath in the next 10 days to identify COVID-19 infected individuals and institute public health measures. The estimated prevalence of COVID-19 in this population is 750 per 1,000 population using a gold-standard test. Scenario B. The State of Massachusetts wants to administer the test to its entire COVID-19 uninfected population (6,750,000). The estimated prevalence of COVID-19 in this population is 5 per 1,000 population using a gold-standard test. Please help the State of Massachusetts by responding to the…