Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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How does preload in an isolated muscle preparation relate to muscle tone in an intact organism?
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- During resistance exercise, three factors support muscle hypertrophy they include the following with the EXCEPTION of: muscle contraction hormonal modifications vascular adaptions immunological actionsarrow_forwardMatch the following regarding muscle contractions: The final chemical messenger and "trigger" for muscle contraction. It binds to troponin A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals It diffuses across the cell membrane resulting in depolarization Activates synaptic vesicles in axon terminals to fuse with plasma membrane of axon terminal Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound Breaks down ACh into its building blocks, rendering it ineffective [Choose] [Choose] [Choose] [Choose] [Choose] [Choose ]arrow_forwardIdentify the ways that increased IP3 can cause contraction. Identify the ways that increased cAMP production can cause relaxation.arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle contraction is influenced by A) frequency of stimulation B) calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum C) dihydropyridine receptors D) ryanodine receptors E) all of the abovearrow_forwardWhat would happen without input from gamma motor neurons? A) Information about velocity would continue, but information about length would no longer be possible. B) The spindles would be unable to provide feedback as the muscle contracted. C) Neither the intrafusal nor extrafusal fibers would contract. D) The extrafusal fibers would not contract, but the intrafusal fibers would continue to contract.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is thought to be cause of muscular fatigue? Decrease level of lactate within the muscle cell Decrease level of extracellular potassium outside of muscle cell Increased level of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft Increase level of intracellular ATP within muscle cell Increase level of phosphate within muscle cellarrow_forward
- Explain the intracellular mechansim of smooth muscle relaxation of agaonist such as mepyrimine and atropine.arrow_forwardAcetylcholinesterase is an important molecule in the engine end plate to share: a) stimulates receptors in the postsynaptic membrane b) synthesizes acetylcholine from acetate and choline c) breaks down acetylcholine d) stimulates the release of Ca2 + from the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardWhen a muscle fiber is stimulated with repeated stimuli, the contraction force is summed due to: a) an increasing number of engine units recruit b) the number of actin / myosin bonds decreases c) increased strength of the action potential in the plasma membrane d) The Ca2 + concentration around and in the myofibrils increasesarrow_forward
- What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions? Multiple Choice a) To spread the action potential through the T-tubules b) To bind with troponin, changing its shape so that binding sites on the actin filament are exposed c) To transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction d) To re-establish the polarization of the plasma's membrane following an action potential e) To break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATParrow_forwardWhat is the micro anatomical arrangement of a skeletal muscle fiber cell?arrow_forwardIs there a difference in the time interval from the end of the T wave to the peak of the next R wave during rest and exercise? What does this mean?arrow_forward
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