How does equation (1) derived to equation (2) and (3) • Evaporation of water stored in the soil or Condensation of atmosphericwater vapour onto the surface.Each of these processes can be associated with an energy flux density.Definition: Energy Flux Density The rate of transfer of energy normal toa surface of unit area. The SI unit is J m 2 s¹ which is equivalent to W m-2.The energy balance of a surface layer of finite depth and unit horizontalarea can be written as,ordQdt= Rn - G - H − AE. Q is the total heat energy stored in the surface layer.● R is the net surface irradiance (commonly referred to as the netradiation). It represents the gain of energy by the surface from radiation.It is a positive number when it is towards the surface.. G is the Ground Heat Flux. It is the loss of energy by heat conductionthrough the lower boundary. It is a positive number when it is directedaway from the surface into ground. The value at the surface is denotedGo..H is the Sensible Heat Flux. It represents the loss of energy by thesurface by heat transfer to the atmosphere. It is positive when directedaway from the surface into the atmosphere.AE is the Latent Heat Flux. It represents a loss of energy from thesurface due to evaporation. (A is the specific latent heat of evaporation,units J kg-¹ and E is the evaporation rate, with units kg m-2 s-¹).1(1)For an infinitely thin surface layer the heat storage in Eq. 1 is zero andreduces to,Rn Go H XE = 0Rn Go= H + XEBo=(2)The quantity R - Go is known as the available energy. In modelling thesurface energy balance we need to be able to calculate the available energy andpartition it between the sensible and latent heat fluxes.HXE(3)The way in which the available energy is partitioned between the sensibleand latent heat flux can be quantified by taking the ratio of the sensible tolatent heat flux, which is known as the Bowen ratio,

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How does equation (1) derived to equation (2) and (3)

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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