How do RER and SER differ from one another in terms of structure and function? List the processes in which the ER is involved.

Q: What is  cytokinesis? What are its stages?

A: Cytokinesis is the substantial procedure that is a fragment of cell division, which bisects the…

Q: What is the signal recognition particle composed of?

A: The signal recognition particle is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein…

Q: What are the receptor potential (TRP) proteins?

A: Answer- In the plasma membrane there are many integral proteins that act as channels.

Q: What is the major function of a Src homology-2 (SH2) domain?

A: It is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and present in…

Q: What is the three-dimensional structure of GPCRs? How does the structure of these receptors…

A: GPCR means G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins are found on the cell surface and act as…

Q: What does Mediator release?

A: Mediator release is an important process for body

Q: which DNA binds to recipient cell at receptor site.?

A: The transfer of a gene from parents to offspring is called vertical gene transfer. The gene transfer…

Q: How does constitutively active Ras promote cancer?

A: In physiology carcinogenesis is known as the production of cancerous cells or tumor cells by…

Q: How does alternative splicing affect TRNT1?  What evidence do you have?

A: TRNT1 is a tRNA-nucleotidyltransferase 1 enzyme coded by gene TRNT1 in human. It helps to provides a…

Q: Describe gene regulation by CpG islands.

A: Gene regulation can be defined as a mechanism that functions to stimulate or repress gene…

Q: What are the similarities that lead to activation of G-coupled protein receptors (GCPR) and those…

A: G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that respond to a wide range of outer…

Q: How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK similar? How doesinitiation of signal transduction…

A: A hormone receptor is a molecule that binds to its specified hormone. Hormone receptors are a…

Q: Define Rho kinase,

A: Enzymes behave as biological catalysts, as they increase the reaction rate by reducing the…

Q: RIPK3 is a key modulator of necroptosis that

A: Necroptosis- The programmed form of necrosis or inflammatory cell death is called necroptosis.…

Q: Why mutant HTT protein affects a large number ofcellular processes ?

A: Cellular processes is defined as the complex activity of various biological molecules in term of…

Q: why is it important for all somatic cells to be genetically identical?

A: Except for sperm and egg cells, a somatic cell is any cell in the body. Somatic cells are diploid,…

Q: What happens when the iron level increases and the IRP no longer binds transferrin-receptor mRNA?

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of gene expression.

Q: What is the process that directs the ribosome synthesizing a protein destined to enter the ER to…

A: There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: 1. SER. (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ) 2.RER (Rough…

Q: Difference between VNTR and hnRNA?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material encoded with thousands of genes. These genes are…

Q: riefly Describe What are the differences between selective and non-selective beta blocker? Describe…

A: The extent to which a particular medication can act on a certain site compared to other sites of the…

Q: How does each of these small GTP-binding proteins contribute to the regulation of cell migration?

A: GTP bonding protein also known as G protein.G protein is present in eukaryotic and classifieds into…

Q: What are elements of role transition from RN to APN?

A: RN is an abbreviation for Registered Nurse and APN is an abbreviation for Advance Practice nurse.

Q: How does the CRP mechanism contribute? Where does it come from?

A: Inflammation is a defence process carried out by the immune system in which the entry of the antigen…

Q: What is G-proteincoupled receptors?

A: G-protein can be defined as a neutral tight binding protein that acts as a molecular switch inside…

Q: How does gene expression change over time for the polypeptide components of hemoglobin?

A: There is a change in the polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin from the fetus till birth.

Q: What is the Membrane attack complex (MAC)?

A: MAC stands for Membrane attack complex. It is also known as the terminal complement complex. MAC is…

Q: What controls which splicing sites are selected?

A: Introduction: Splicing is a process in which the introns are removed and exons are joined together…

Q: Describe in detail each of the following proteins and their role in the cellular processes that they…

A: i. Ras Protein:  Describe: Ras is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell…

Q: What is Drosophila Mhc gene ?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: What occurs when the JAK-STAT pathway is activated?

A: The JAK/STAT pathway is a cell signaling pathway. The JAK are a category of proteins belonging to…

Q: What is a signal-transduction pathway? Why are mutations in components of signal-transduction…

A: Cells are the basic structural, functional, and biological units of all living organisms. It is the…

Q: What do the cytoplasmic domain of a G protein-coupled receptor and the adaptor protein in the RTK…

A: Cells communicate each other by a process known as cell signaling. A ligand molecule binds with the…

Q: Are all pluripotent stem cells created equal, however?

A: Pluripotent cells are capable of repeated division to form most or all of the cell types but cannot…

Q: iPSCs are derived from differentiated cells that are further differentiated into a stem cell state.…

A: These are special cells that are able to develop into many different cell types.

Q: Explain the difference between PrPC and PrPSc  ?

A: Unlike other infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, genetic materials such as DNA or…

Q: Why is folding in the ER slow and inefficient and how are the misfolded ones degraded?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is the QC check point of the ER which helps to…

Q: What are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)? Describe.

A: Activators and repressors are two types of gene regulators, with activators causing positive…

Q: What are ROS and examples of ROS? How do they affect the cells resulting in aging?

A: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing radicals with one or more unpaired electrons…

Q: What are non- LTR retrotransposons ?

A: Non-LTR retrotransposons are the ones that comprise genes coding for reverse transcriptase along…

Q: What events does the RecA protein facilitate?

A: Introduction  DNA strands is composed of nucleotide base pairs sequence such as Adenine, guanine…

Q: Briefly explain in your words the role of how Inside-out signaling of integrin occurs?

A: Integrin is a large family of transmembrane receptors for extracellular matrix and cell-surface…

Q: How, the immediate translated product is transported from cytoplasm to the ER ?

A: Translation is the process of formation of amino acids using mRNA as a template.

Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factors such as ER stress, light, and hypoxia (low…

A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…

Q: How is the Ras protein activated and inactivated?

A: Ras proteins are defined as the regulators for the process of signal transduction. These proteins…

Q: What is the purpose of the Map Kinase Cascade?

A: Cell signalling is a phenomenon of taking up information from the environment , and crosses through…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.