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1. How Did the Theory of Biogenesis Lead the Way for the Germ Theory of Disease?
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- 1. Answer the following questions in short: a) Why prokaryotic cells are known as primitive cell? b) What do you understand by industrial biotechnology? c) How do you justify that antibodies are protein? d) Write the clinical significance of saturated and unsaturated fat. e) 'Genetic codes are universal.' What does it mean?9. Epigenetic Carcinogens a) produce collagenase in order to dissolve basement membranes of cells are inorganic compounds b) are nucleophilic c) alter cellular growth and division d) none of the above ekground i ck Inc Copyright 2013 by Jones & Bardete Leaming, LLC an Ascend Learng Company 75 20What is spontaneous generation theory and how was it refuted? Explain the theory of biogenesis and its relevance to the germ theory of disease.
- What is a relevant biological process that can be used to illustrate the answer to the question: What are the risks associated with antibiotics? i.e. What is the underlying biology that addresses 'What are the risks associated with antibiotics?'27. Match the following three words to its correct definition. a.) Transformation b.) Transduction c.) Conjugation -Uptake of DNA from the environment -Transfer of DNA by one bacterium to another by a viral vector -Transfer of replicated DNA from a donor to a recipientAntibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a stubborn challenge for scientists. Should bacteriophages be used to save the lives of patients in which other treatments have failed?
- 17. Which of the following is not a process to introduce a DNA molecule into a bacterial cell. a) Transformation b) Transcription c) Transduction d)Conjugation(T3) 6. Why is overuse of antibiotics resulting in more antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to evolve ? - [ ] The antibiotic becomes less potent over time leading to resistance - [ ] The normal flora of the patient can no longer to outcompete the pathogen - [ ] The antibiotics create the mutations that result in resistant organisms - [ ] The patients begin to have less side-effects from the antibiotics - [ ] The antibiotics provide the selective pressure for resistance5. Bacteriophages' genomes are typically composed of A) double-stranded DNA. B) double-stranded RNA. C) single-stranded RNA. D) single-stranded DNA.
- 2. Robert Koch was a German physician who identified the bacteria causing anthrax and tuberculosis. His methods established four criteria that must be met for a specific pathogen to be considered the cause of a disease. These four criteria are listed below. Discuss in detail how Warren and Marshall fulfilled each criteria. a. The pathogen should be found in the bodies of animals having the disease. b. The suspected pathogen should be obtained from the diseased animal and grown outside the body. c. The inoculation of that pathogen, grown in pure cultures, should produce the disease in an experimental animal. I d. The same pathogen should be isolated from the experimental animal after the disease develops. 315. Explain the concept of selective toxicity. How does it apply to the development of antibiotics? What does selective toxicity mean? What do we look for in a bacteria that we don’t have?1. What is the genetic event/process that enables antibiotic resistance to occur?