Q: Based on class data only, which antimicrobial has the broadest spectrum? Which one has the narrowest…
A: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or stops the growth of micro-organism. Antimicrobial…
Q: For an individual organism and an antimicrobialagent, what do the results signify?
A: Introduction In the various microbiological techniques as we isolate and culture different bacteria…
Q: Describe the purpose of microbial testing?
A: Microorganisms come in contact with us everyday in which some are harmless and some can cause severe…
Q: Why are biochemical tests used to identify microbes?
A: Microbes are living organisms that are very small and can be seen only with the help of a…
Q: Explain how are the physiological characteristics of bacteria identified using biochemical test?
A: The physiological properties that are used for the identification of bacteria includes the nutrient…
Q: What is a goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?
A: Microbes are the tiny organisms that are present all over the globe.
Q: Why is it better for a drug to be microbicidal than microbistatic?
A: Any substance which is produced by naturally, artificially or through synthetic origin that kills or…
Q: What are the two most Resistant, and the two most Sensitive microbial structures to antiseptic…
A: Biocides: It is the term used to portray the chemical entity or the living organic entity that can…
Q: What is MODIFIED ALLEN TEST?
A: Blood is an important fluid tissue that is used to transport nutrients and oxygen to all parts of…
Q: What is the differece between disinfection and sterilization? What is the dfference between…
A: Disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do…
Q: what are the methods pf measuring antimicrobial susceptibility?? Also what is the purpose of…
A: Antibiotic susceptibility monitoring, or AST, is a commonly used tool in clinical settings for…
Q: Why are antimicrobials only directly effective against bacteria and what is the control on the…
A: Antimicrobials are agents that either kill microorganisms (microbicidal) or stop their growth…
Q: Explain the process of drug powder aerosolization process from a DPI? Please answer at your own…
A: Drug powder inhalers (DPIs) are medical devices that are used by patients to deliver dry powder…
Q: The Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method relies on: A. The inhibition of one…
A: In Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method zone of inhibition is measured to…
Q: procedure and application for the agar well diffusion method of evaluating antimicrobial activity.
A: Bacteria have cell walls made up of polysaccharides, that give them strength and rigidity. Bacteria…
Q: What is the basis of determining a microorganism in being susceptible or resistant to a specific…
A: Microorganisms are tiny living creatures that are not visualized by the naked eye. They should be…
Q: What is the antimicrobial removal device (ARD) blood culture system? Discuss its mechanism and its…
A: Microbes are present everywhere. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are some of the types of…
Q: Why are traditional tests such as metabolic test not always used to ID clinically important…
A: Traditional methods for identification of microbes include phenotypic tests or biochemical tests…
Q: What are the primary medical practices that result in antimicrobial drug resistance? How can these…
A: Microorganisms are single-celled or colonized organisms, which are only visible under a microscope.…
Q: How can drug resistance in microorganisms be circumvented?
A: The uselessness of a treatment, such as an antibiotic or antineoplastic, for curing a disease or…
Q: One of the following matches indicatIng early microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products is…
A: Microorganisms are tiny unicellular organisms that cannot be observed by unaided eyes. They may be…
Q: Please discuss how the Methyl Red-Vogues Proskauer test helps distinguish microbes from each other.
A:
Q: What is the principlels of in-dose test?
A: During the development of drugs, the efficacy of a new drug is typically determined by showing its…
Q: Describe the development of microbial drug resistance, andexplain how it is acquired.
A: The Antimicrobial resistance mechanism is not a new one, the evolution of microbes is constantly…
Q: What is Pindolol drug solubility in water, acidic medium, basic medium?
A: Pindolol is a non selective beta blocker, mainly used in the treatment of hypertension, angina. It…
Q: Identify culture methods and conditions used for blood, wound,urine, fecal, and genital specimens.…
A: To detect the pathogens present in the body, the specimen is collected by withdrawing blood, swabs…
Q: What is the most commonly used fixative in stool samples and why?
A: Fixative is a moist environment for transporting and preserving intestinal parasites in stool…
Q: What are antimicrobial peptides?
A: Introduction Short strands of amino acids connected by peptide bonds are called peptides.…
Q: Outline in detail the procedure for celloidin embedding .
A: Embedding is that the method during which the tissues or the specimens are capsulate in a very mass…
Q: What are the key considerations for the scale-up of cell culture process for the large molecule drug…
A: Well developed skills are needed to increase the batch yield and to reduce processing time for large…
Q: What is the antimicrobial removal device (ARD) blood culture system? Why is it important?
A: The blood culturing system helps in the identification of the pathogens that is present in the blood…
Q: What bacterial structural target would make an antibacterial drug selective for gram-negative…
A: The gram-negative bacteria don't retain the crystal violet stain that's why called gram-negative.
Q: Define the following terms; Sterilization, and Aseptic Technique. What are the differences between…
A: Microbes invading and proliferating within an organism's body causes infection. Microbes include…
Q: What are some factors used to determine the BSL necessary for working with a specific pathogen?…
A: Answer 1) BSL is(Biosafety Level) determined by agent's infectivity , its ease of transmission ,…
Q: Which HDAC inhibitors are used as anticancer agents?
A: Histone deacetylase(HDAC) Inhibitors are a class of anti cancer agents that induces apoptosis…
Q: Other than the PYR test, what is another use of the PEP reagent?
A: PYR is a colorimetric method used to detect the presence of pyrolidonyl arylamidase activity in a…
Q: Does the antibiotic disk producing the largest zone of inhibition on a plate always correspond to…
A: ZONE OF INHIBITION: The Antibiotic disk contains some Antibiotic that slowly gets dispersed in to…
Q: What factors influence the size of the zone of inhibition in antimicrobial susceptibility testing?
A: Zone of inhibition test is also known as kirby-bauer's test. It measures antibiotic susceptibility…
Q: How are methods of precipitating proteins, such as heat and treatment with alcohol, also successful…
A: Yes they are successful in killing harmful microorganisms.. Precipitation is explain as protein is…
Q: how is the 0.5 McFarland standard prepared? What is the role of this standard in performing…
A: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are microbial sensitivity tests that determine the…
Q: Why is Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) ideal for antibiotic susceptibility testing
A: MHA(Mueller Hinton Agar) was developed by Mueller and Hinton in 1941. It is used to test antibiotic…
Q: What are the tests to determine the level of antimicrobial activity of a antimicrobial agent? How…
A: Antibiotic disc diffusion study is also known as the Kirby-Bauer method in which the susceptibility…
Q: What are the best characteristics of an antibiotic to be used for antibiotic susceptibility test?
A: Antibiotics are the class of drugs that show antibacterial property against certain strains of…
Q: Discuss at least two novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
A: Antibiotic resistance among bacteria has dramatically increased, posing a serious threat to public…
Q: How can you use Alamar Blue (Resazurin) to test whether the antimicrobial compound is bactericidal…
A: Visual methods of quality and quantity are readily found in biology and other field alike as they…
Q: Define micro-injection.
A: A pipette is a laboratory tool commonly used in biology, chemical, and medicine to transport a…
Q: Identify practices that lead to antimicrobial drug resistance and suggest countermeasures
A: Antimicrobials are the drugs used for treating infections like bacteria, virus, fungal and parasites…
How are dilution susceptibility tests and disc diffusion tests used
to determine microbial drug sensitivity?
Although not all infectious agents require antimicrobial sensitivity testing, it is essential in those groups of bacteria commonly showing resistance. Testing may not be necessary for treating certain groups of bacteria that are known to be uniformly susceptible to penicillins.
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- What are the tests to determine the level of antimicrobial activity of a antimicrobial agent? How dilution susceptibility and disk diffusion test can be used to determine the effectiveness of a drug?how is the 0.5 McFarland standard prepared? What is the role of this standard in performing antimicrobial susceptibility test?The disc diffusion assay measuring a disinfectant's effectiveness against a microorganism is more standardized than measuring an antibiotic's effectiveness with the kirby-Bauer assay. a) True b) False
- Will the results of an in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test always agree with the results of an in vivo use of the antibiotic? Why or why not?List some conditions that cause false positive reactions with the RPR test?Ex. 17: Chemotherapeutic Agents Using the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Table on pg 62 in the lab manual, determine whether not the bacteria plated in this Kirby-Bauer test are resistant (R), intermediate (I), or susceptible (S). The bacterial species tested was Escherichia coli (Gram negative). Ciprofloxacin Diameter = 20 Streptomycin Diameter 30 Carbenicillin Diameter 17 + Erythromycin Diameter = 23 Novobiocin Diameter = 0 bacterial growth = disk with antibiotic (see labels) = no growth