Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
horizontal gene transfer
Explain how transposable elements facilitate the transfer of genetic information.
Transposable elements or transposable genetic elements are fragments of DNA that have the ability to move from one site to another site within the genome. Transposable genetic elements of similar sequence are scattered throughout the entire genome. These elements provide homologous regions and aid in recombination between the non-homologous chromosomes during crossing-over (meiosis). Such recombination in the genome either results in chromosomal translocation or in the death of the organism.
Insertion sequences (IS) and transposons are two important types of transposable elements. IS and transposons carry short inverted terminal repeats at the ends of these elements. The transposase enzyme and terminal repeats are essential for transposition. The transfer of the DNA segments from one place to another place is known as transposition.
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