Here are comparative statement data for Crane Company and Sheridan Company, two competitors. All balance sheet data are as of December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016. Crane Company Sheridan Company 2017 2016 2017 2016 Net sales $1,877,000 $587,000 Cost of goods sold 1,076,000 298,000 Operating expenses 261,000 83,000 Interest expense 8,000 2,600 Income tax expense 70,100 30,000 Current assets 795,379 $762,280 203,340 $ 193,899 Plant assets (net) 1,285,392 1,220,000 340,936 306,981 Current liabilities 161,833 184,989 86,249 73,886 Long-term liabilities 278,136 219,600 72,273 61,000 Common stock, $10 par 1,220,000 1,220,000 292,800 292,800 Retained earnings 420,802 357,692 92,954 73,195 Prepare a vertical analysis of the 2017 income statement data for Crane Company and Sheridan Company. (Round all ratios to 1 decimal place, e.g. 2.5%.)
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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