he loaded steel framing shown consists of bars 1, 2, and 3 with their corresponding flexural rigidity. The leftmost side is clamped (fixed support), the opposite side hinged, and a roller support at the middle. If each bar may be subjected to Euler buckling and a = 3 m,   Determine the critical load for each member. Calculate the factor of safety (F.S.) of the whole frame against buckling. At what value of P will the frame start to have a buckled member?

The loaded steel framing shown consists of bars 1, 2, and 3 with their corresponding flexural rigidity. The leftmost side is clamped (fixed support), the opposite side hinged, and a roller support at the middle. If each bar may be subjected to Euler buckling and a = 3 m,

1. Determine the critical load for each member.
2. Calculate the factor of safety (F.S.) of the whole frame against buckling.
3. At what value of P will the frame start to have a buckled member?

GIVEN:

P = 143 Kn

I₁ (x10⁹ mm⁴) = 3.7860

Note: Joints where members meet can be treated as pin.