Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Propose a mechanism to account for the product of the following reactions. Please show the structures of the intermediates and using curved arrows to indicate electron flow in each step. Rearrangements occur.
Transcribed Image Text:### Alkene Halogenation Reactions
This image illustrates two alkene halogenation reactions, showing how alkenes react with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) to form haloalkanes.
#### Reaction 1: Alkene with HCl
- **Reactants**: A cyclic alkene with a methyl group attached reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- **Product**: The chlorine atom from HCl adds to the tertiary carbon (carbon with the most substituents) in the alkene, forming a chlorine-substituted cyclohexane derivative.
#### Reaction 2: Alkene with HBr
- **Reactants**: A cyclopentene group with a propyl side chain reacts with hydrobromic acid (HBr).
- **Product**: The bromine atom from HBr adds to the secondary carbon of the alkene, generating a bromine-substituted cyclopentane derivative.
These reactions demonstrate the Markovnikov's Rule, where the hydrogen atom from the acid more often bonds to the carbon atom with the greater number of hydrogen atoms 'originally', while the halide (Cl or Br) bonds to the more substituted carbon. This is due to carbocation stability, leading to the regioselectivity observed.
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