Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our understanding of inheritance today. In his experiments, he tracked seven visual traits of pea plants and ensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are the terms that we used to identify two separate factors? a. genotype; true breeding b. genotype; cross breeding c. phenotype; true breeding d. phenotype; cross breeding

Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our understanding of inheritance today. In his experiments, he tracked seven visual traits of pea plants and ensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are the terms that we used to identify two separate factors? a. genotype; true breeding b. genotype; cross breeding c. phenotype; true breeding d. phenotype; cross breeding

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Description: Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our understanding of inheritance today. In his experiments, he tracked seven visual traits of pea plants and ensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are the terms that we used to

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter4: Pedigree Analysis In Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS: Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a...

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What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? Select one: a. There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. b. Genes are composed of DNA. c. Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones. d. Traits are inherited in discrete units (genes), and are not the results of "blending."
Which of the following is false? a. the pollen grain shape was studied by Mendel. b. Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants were determined by the inheritance units or factors from both parents. c. An allele is one of several possible forms of a gene. d. When the genotype consists of a dominant and recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the dominant allele.
Mendel’s crossing of round-seeded pea plants with wrinkled-seeded pea plants resulted in progeny that all had round seeds. This indicates that the wrinkled-seed trait is Select one: a. rare b. abnormal c. dominant d. codominant e. recessive
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?
Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?
Using Mendel’s lines of peas, describe how you would use a test cross experimental design to determine the genotype of a pea plant with purple flowers. Be very specific in describing your experimental design and how you would interpret your results based on the proportion of offspring phenotypes. Make sure to include all possible offspring phenotypes in your answer and what the proportion of phenotypes tells you about the purple plant genotype.
Gregor Johann Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants that demonstrated how certain physical traits were passed down from one generation to the next in a predictable pattern. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and established fundamental laws of inheritance for what is known as Mendelian Genetics. A trait can be inherited when each parent passes down one copy of a gene. Different versions of the same gene are known as alleles. Both gene copies are an organism’s genotype, and the physical expression of those genes is a phenotype. 1. Explain one of the three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendelian genetics. Mendelian inheritance can be visualized using Punnett squares. The first row and column represent the parental alleles, while the squares predict the possible combination of alleles of the resulting offspring. Dominant alleles are indicated by uppercase letters while recessive alleles are indicated by lowercase letters. The combination of alleles in…
Dwarfism is a recessive trait in Hereford cattle. A rancher in western Texas discovers that several of the calves in his herd are dwarfs, and he wants to eliminate this undesirable trait from the herd as rapidly as possible. Suppose that the rancher hires you as a genetic consultant to advise him on how to breed the dwarfism trait out of the herd. What crosses would you advise the rancher to conduct to ensure that the allele causing dwarfism is eliminated from the herd?
Which of the following statements describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation? a. The dominant allele is represented with an uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented with a lowercase letter. b. A Punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of a parental cross. c. Dominant alleles are always expressed in a homozygous or heterozygous individual. d. A Bb individual will produce B and b alleles, while a bb individual will only produce a b allele.
The findings of Mendel were not easily accepted by the scientific community due to: a. he never intended to publish the results b. he used mathematics in analyzing his results c. he did not present the results to the right people d. he had a lot of conflicting results
When Mendel set up a Parental (P) cross between true breeding purple and white flowered plants to generate the F1 and then allowed the F1 to self-pollinate to generate the F2 he saw a dominant to recessive ratio of 3:1. What phenotypic ratio would be expected if he crossed the F1 with the original purple parent? a) 3:1 b) 9:3:3:1 c) 1:1 d) 4:0