Glucagon increases blood glucose very quickly by activating phosphorylase. This is very efficient because phosphorylase: A.is a G-protein. B.reduces cyclic-AMP. C.has phosphodiesterase activity. D.cleave the 1-6 branches. E. acts at multiple 1-4 endings

2. Consider the following reaction. What is the consequence of the increase of cytosolic CAMP concentration during the fight-or-flight response? Adenylyl cyclase ATP A. The inhibition of glycolysis B. The inhibition of the protein kinase A C. The breakdown of glycogen into glucose 1-phosphate D. The inhibition of the citric acid cycle E. The inhibition of the phosphofructokinase PPi CAMP

9. Which of the following enzymes CANNOT be found in the skeletal muscle? A. Glucose-6-phosphatase B. Glycogen synthase C. Glycogen phosphorylase D. Adenylyl cyclase E. Hexokinase 10. Which of the following processes do NOT produce CO2? (1) Fatty acid synthesis (2) Oxidative deamination (3) Preparatory phase of glycolysis (4) Pentose phosphate pathway A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only E. (1), (2), (3) and (4) 11. is an intermediate metabolite linkage between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A. Malate B. Citrate C. Acetyl-CoA D. Aspartate E. a-ketoglutarate 12. transfers carnitine from mitochondrial matrix to cytoplasm during the transport of fatty acid to mitochondria. A. Carnitine acyltransferase I B. Carnitine acyltransferase II C. Transaminase D. Translocase E. Citric acid shuttle 13. Which of the following reactions/ pathways does NOT produce NADH? A. Payoff phase of glycolysis B. Oxidative deamination of glutamine C. B-oxidation…

What will be the net product of the complete degradation of one glycerol molecule to carbon dioxide and water? (Consider GTP equivalent to ATP)   A. 6 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP B. 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP C. 5 NADH, 1 FADH2, 3 ATP D. 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP E. 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue. The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is: a. dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate b. glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate c. isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate d. oxaloacetate → malate e. pyruvate → lactate

Your body produces lactic acid under anaerobic conditions.  What is the purpose of your body producing lactic acid? Select one: a. Lactic acid serves no purpose other than to regulate NAD+. b. Lactic acid combines with co-enzyme A, and then enters the citric acid cycle once O2 becomes available. c. The purpose of Lactic acid is the increase acidity in your blood. d. Lactic acid is utilized as a fuel source by our muscles.

8. The following protein is a glycogen phosphorylase. It has two subunits, one regulatory site and one active site. Which of the following can inhibit the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate by this phosphorylase? Regulatory site A. Glycogen B. A cofactor C. A non-competitive activator D. An allosteric inhibitor E. A corepressor Active site

1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the PPP?   A. Most active in cells where lipids are synthesized. B. Reactions involved are oxidative and non-oxidative. C. Also called the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. D. Occurs in the cytosol.

Which of the following results are most likely to be observed in liver enzymes following initiation of glucagon signaling? O Enzymes that showed lower activity were unphosphorylated. Enzymes that showed altered activity (higher or lower) were methylated. Enzymes that showed altered activity (higher or lower) were phosphorylated. Enzymes that showed higher activity were sulfonated.