Glial cells far outnumber neurons and contribute roughly half the weight of the mammalian nervous system. What functions do glial cells perform in the peripheral nervous system and in the central ner-vous system?
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Q: radial glial cells
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A: Ans:- the option is (c)-the voltage gated sodium chennel.
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Glial cells far outnumber neurons and contribute roughly half the weight of the mammalian nervous system. What functions do glial cells perform in the peripheral nervous system and in the central ner-vous system?
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- The giant squid axon has a diameter = 1mm and 1 = 13mm. Compared to a mammalian neuron with a diameter = 1 um and ^ = 0.2mm, which of the following is correct? graded potentials can generate action potentials in the mammalian axon but not in the squid axon. graded potential of similar magnitude would result in action potentials with larger amplitude in the mammalian axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would result in action potentials with larger amplitude in the squid axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would travel furthest from their point of origin in the mammalian axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would travel furthest from their point of origin in the squid axonA neuron of the median giant fiber of an earthworm would respond to an increased intensity of a stimulus by: Increasing the amplitude of action potentials generated Increasing its resting membrane potential Increasing the frequency of action potentials generated Increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials generatedWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of the function of the vertebrate nerve cell/ nervous system? a) nerve cells keep the levels of Na + and k+ AT Equilibrium on both sides of the cell membrane at all times b) Nerve cells produce impulses that release neurotransmitters to stimulate other cells C) Nerve cells generate motor output (movement) d) nerve cells use neurotransmitters to regulate other cells e)nerve cells are speacialized in employing specific receptors to react to a specific stimulus
- Conduction velocity refers to the [a] at which an action potential travels along a neuron's axon. In invertebrates, conduction velocity can only be increased by [b]. However in vertebrates (exclusively), such as humans, conduction velocity can also be increased by [c]. This enables vertebrates to conserve [d] while still increasing conduction velocity. [a] [b] [c] [d] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]Which of the following would you NOT expect with respect to variation in neural conduction velocity? Neural conduction speed increases over developmental time as Schwann cells synthesize myelin sheaths, insulating neurons Neural conduction velocity is higher in invertebrate species with insulating sheaths functionally equivalent to vertebrate myelin Neurons and species with larger axon diameters should have greater conduction velocities Neural networks with greater serial processing (i.e., lines of connecting neurons) should have greater neural conduction velocities. The thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) have a range of roles in regulating growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth, and neural maturation. This represents an ______ effect of thyroid hormones. At the same time, through some unknown mechanism, application of thyroid hormones results in an immediate reduction in body temperature, which…Weaver mice have difficulty maintaining posture and moving normally. This defect has been attributed to a defect in some potassium channels that allows Na+ as well as K+ to pass through the channel. Increasing the sodium permeability will have what effect on the membrane potential of the neuron? The membrane potential will become more negative There will be no change in membrane potential There is not enough information to answer this question The membrane potential will become less negative
- What function do unipolar neurons provide and where is their cell body found? They are motor neurons with their cell body in the central nervous system They are sensory neurons with their cell body located in the central nervous system They are motor neurons with their cell body located outside of the central nervous system They are sensory neurons with their cell body located outside of the central nervous systemImagine that scientists have just discovered a weird new marine tunicate at extreme depths of the ocean. They have a novel kind of neurotransmitter – maritonin – that binds to the “maritonin” receptor, which is permeable to negatively charged iodine ions (which are high concentration in seawater and in the extracellular fluid of this species). What do you predict would happen to the postsynaptic neuron when maritonin is released? Depolarization of the postsynaptic cell, increasing the chance of an action potential Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell, decreasing the chance of an action potential Depolarization of the postsynaptic cell, decreasing the chance of an action potential Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell, increasing the chance of an action potential In a central pattern generator, the pacemaker neural cells both have inhibitory inputs on each other. This is key for preventing opposing muscles from contracting at the same time (e.g., if your biceps and…The venom of many cobras contains a potent neurotoxin that binds to ligand-gated Na+ channels,causing them to open. Unlike ACh, which binds to and then rapidly unbinds from ligand-gated Na+ channels, the neurotoxin tends to remain bound to ligand-gated Na+ channels. How does this neurotoxin affect the nervous system’s ability to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction? How does it affect the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to respond to stimulation?
- Help meAction potentials and graded potentials both…A) Propagate long distances through neural structures, without attenuation in their amplitude.B) Can directly excite or inhibit neurons.C) Can propagate at speeds of up to 120 meters per second.D) Involve voltage-gated Nav and Kv channels.E) Are capable of triggering synaptic exocytosis in neurons of the vertebrate retinaWhat adaptive advantage do synapses provide in nervoussystems (i.e., why isn’t the nervous system just a mesh of cellscytoplasmically connected through gap junctions)?