Given the interaction of natural selection, mutations and genetic drift, do you expect a population's fitnesses to be optimal, near optimal, or far from optimal? Why?
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- Which of the following comparisons between natural and sexual selection between is FALSE? O Variation underlying traits must have a genetic basis and be heritable under both natural and sexual selection. Under sexual selection, fitness is defined in terms of offspring number, whereas under natural selection offspring number and survuval influence fitness. Both natural and sexual selection require variation in traits that affect fitness. Under natural selection, fitness is compared across all individuals within a population, whereas for sexual selection comparisons of fitness are only relevant among individuals within a given sex (i.e., males only or females only).Which of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traits acquired during an individuals lifetime (d) natural selection acts on a populations genetic variability, which arises through mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a populationWhich can bring new traits to a population and why? natural selection - because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time natural selection - because it makes new alleles natural selection and mutation because both increase the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time O mutation becaust makes new alleles mutation because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time O natural selection and mutation because both make new alleles 99+
- Natural selection tends to work toward genetic unity;the genotypes that are most fit produce the mostoffspring and increase the frequency of adaptive allelesin the population. Yet there remains a great deal ofvariability within the populations of species. Describethe factors that contribute to this genetic variability. Provide the link of referencesThree basic predictions underlie genetic drift in populations: (1) As long as the population size is finite,some level of genetic drift will occur; thus, withoutnew mutations, all variation will drift either to fixationor to loss. (2) Drift happens faster in small populationsthan in large populations. (3) The probability that anallele is fixed (goes to a frequency of 1.0) is equal toits initial frequency (p) in the population, while itsprobability of loss from the population due to drift isequal to 1 − p. Given these three predictions:a. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 100,000?b. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 10?c. In which population does the new mutation have ahigher probability of going to fixation by chancewith genetic drift?Of the statements provided, which one is true for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)? O The population is evolving due to genetic drift. O Natural Selection is not occuring within the population. Op+q=1 calculates genotype frequencies. O Individuals within the population move back and forth between another nearby population.
- Natural selection acts on phenotypes within a population. As a result, over time, the phe- notypic frequencies in a population can change. The graph below shows how the pheno- type of a population changed after selection occurred. Number of Individuals B Value of Phenotype A graph that shows how phenotypic frequency changed before and after selection. с population after selection Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in the phenotypic change shown in the graph above? D original population A A population of rats live on the ground and in short trees. A tree-dwelling snake that preys on the rats is introduced into the area. Warming of the arctic tundra reduces the average snow cover that lighter-colored arctic foxes rely on for camouflage. Darker-colored arctic foxes are better suited to the ex- posed moss and grass habitat. Robins that lay smaller-than-average clutches of eggs produce fewer viable offspring, while larger-than-average clutches of eggs result in…If variation in a trait is only due to environmental variation, and not genetic variation, how will directional natural selection change that trait value through time? [select one]: O Natural selection is likely to cause that trait to evolve Can't tell from information provided O That trait will be eliminated O Natural selection will not cause that trait to evolveConsider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?
- Microevolution is defined as a change inallele frequencies in a population over generations. Please explainwhat an allele is, in genetic terms. Name the three major factorsinvolved in allele frequency changes in populations. Describe, indetail, how natural selection works on individuals, while evolutionoccurs in populations. Include a real or hypothetical example ofthe process of natural selection in your answer other thaninsects and insecticide! Identify the specific natural selectionpressure and the specific trait being selected for in yourexample.What is the role of variation in evolution. If heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution?. The phenotype and genotype bof a population is die to a mosaic of random and directed processes, some of them have to do with history ;some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possible, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a populationWhat is variation in evolution-if heterozygosity is reduced,what happens to the potential for evolution?the phenotype(genotype)of the population is due to the mosaic of random and directed processes.some of these have to do with history.some related to adaptation etc.as completely as possible discuss the role of the chance and direction in variation in evolution and in determinijg the phenotype of a population