Given that the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase converts Pyruvate into Oxaloacetate and this is an anapleurotic reaction. In the liver, what is most of the OAA converted into under these conditions? Please  explain.   1. When blood glucose levels are low and the energy charge in the cell is high.     2. When mitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels are high and the energy charge is low.

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OH The usage of acetyl-CoA in the cell depends on the metabolic / physiological state of the body. The table below shows the possible uses of acetyl-CoA, the corresponding physiological states of the body and the organ/cellular location where these processes occur. Identify which option is correct. Option Use of acetyl-CoA 1 2 3 4 Ketogenesis Cholesterol synthesis OOOO Fatty acid synthesis Oxidation via the citric acid cycle Select one: a. Option 1 b. Option 2 c. Option 3 O d. Option 4 Metabolic / Physiological state of the body Fasting state Fasting state Well fed Well fed Organ and cellular site Most cells / mitochondria Liver / cytoplasm Adipocyte / mitochondria Red blood cell / mitochondria Report question issue No

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Help fill in the blanks    Extended fasting will activate the processes of [glycolysis/gluconeogenesis] and [fatty acid synthesis/b-oxidation].  These processes will work to deplete [oxaloacetate/acetyl-CoA] and increase [oxaloacetate/acetyl-CoA].  As a result, flux through the citric acid cycle will [increase/decrease].  Ketone bodies will be produced in this state allowing for [NAD+/CoA/glucose] to be recycled.  Ketosis also occurs in people on a [carb-rich/carb-poor] diet for similar reasons.  Bafflingly at first, hyperglycemia in diabetics may also cause ketosis.  The problem is not in the bloodstream in these patients, but in the hormones.  Without insulin, [GLUT1/ GLUT2/GLUT4] will not appear on muscle cell membranes to clear glucose, and liver cells continue to receive signals from glucagon.  Glucagon will [activate/inhibit] pathways that catabolize carbohydrate and [activate/inhibit] pathways that catabolize fatty acids to preserve the carbohydrate fuel of choice for the…

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