Give the definition of Poisson's ratio with an example?

Distinguish between the upper yield point and the lower yield point?

Case Study Calculate the Tensile Toughness Tensile toughness measures the total energy absorbed prior to fracture and is different from fracture toughness and impact toughness. Fracture toughness measures the resistance to fracture when a flaw (i.e. crack) is present in the material. Since it is nearly impossible and costly to manufacture materials with zero or near zero defects, fracture toughness is a major consideration for all structural materials. Impact toughness measures a materials ability to withstand an impact blow (i.e. high strain rates) and is particularly important in assessing the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior (more details later). Impact toughness is also commonly referred to as notch toughness. The tensile toughness can be estimated using the stress-strain curve by measuring the area under the curve (both the elastic and plastic regions). Tensile Toughness = f Stress, σ Ty- Ey Efracture ETS Ur Ey Efracture o de = U₁ + SETS o de + Sefracture o de Ey Ey o de =…

I am only interested in part 6-27(a). I see that Bartleby has answered this question before but I have a question regarding the yielding factor of safety. Why is the yielding factor of safety calculated as ( n=Sy/sigma_max), but not as ( n=Sy/Kt*sigma_max )? Since there is a stress concentration factor and the sigma_max is technically considered the nominal stress.

If the plate thickness in the previous problem were 1 cm, would the thickness be sufficient for a JIC test? Assume these material properties: E = 205 GPa, v = 0.25.

What is the maximum value of KIc as per LEFM that can be determined from experiments on a 20 mm thick plate? yield strength= 500 MPa, E= 210 GPa, poission ratio=0.3.

I am only interested in part 6-27(a). I see that Bartleby has answered this question before but I have a question regarding the yielding factor of safety. Why is the yielding factor of safety calculated as ( n=Sy/sigma_max), but not as ( n=Sy/Kf*sigma_max)? Since there is stress concentration factor.