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Topic: Developmental Biology
Give an analogy on how the concepts of determination and differentiation are seen in personal events in your life.
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- describe at least 2 specific examples of a developmental process that include molecules from the category as a component. Specify the molecule involved in each category (e.g. ECM: collagen, CAMs: cadherins, Cell junctions: desmosomes). Include images to illustrate the process. Category Developmental Process Image ECM 1 2What statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"? If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification. Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become. The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds. The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.Carefully distinguish between the terms differentiation and determination. Which phenomenon occurs initially during development?
- Match the following some are redundant please explain why?: Axis specification Pattern formation Genes encoding Nodal signnaling pathway members. Achondroplasia A gene which when present on th X chromosome due to a translocation cause 46, XX Differences in sex development. Organogenesis A family of genes which are found in 4 clusters of several related genes on the hiuman chromosomes . Genes which are found on the chromosomes in the same order as their expression pattern along with anterior-posterior axis in the early vertebrate embryo. HOX genes SOX9 SRY Cells moving and changing shape to form the alveoli of the developing lung Mutations in these genes can cause congenital heart defects PAX6 Establishing which cells will later become each of the different parts of the eye Establishing which cells in the early embryo will develop into the front or the back A condition caused by mutations in a gene encoding a FGF receptor Pax genesEach of the following developmental genetics concepts or processes match with definition, explanation, or example of that concept/process. NOTE: there are extra, redundant answers - please do not use them. Axis specification Pattern formation Genes encoding Nodal signnaling pathway members. Achondroplasia A gene which when present on th X chromosome due to a translocation cause 46, XX Differences in sex development. Organogenesis A family of genes which are found in 4 clusters of several related genes on the hiuman chromosomes . Genes which are found on the chromosomes in the same order as their expression pattern along with anterior-posterior axis in the early vertebrate embryo. SOX9 SRY Cells moving and changing shape to form the alveoli of the developing lung Mutations in these genes can cause congenital heart defects PAX6 Establishing which cells will later become each of the different parts of the eye Establishing which cells in the early embryo will develop into the front or…Discuss the concepts of: 1. Cell diferentiation 2. Morphogenesis 3. Pattern formation Also, cite examples to illustrate these concepts.
- The following are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. A committed cell follows strictly its developmental pathway no matter what. What Concept? Question #2. A lot of our nerve cells degenerate so that the nuerotropic factors which is critical survival factor would be enough to sustaint he development of the entire organism. What concept? Question #3. The paternal and maternal genes. What concept?The following choices are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. The blastomeres can become any cell of the body. What concept? Question #2. The limb bud consists of different cells which give rise to the limb. What concept?The following choices are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. During the cleavage stage, the masked messenger RNA from the developing oocyte controls the cleavage patterns. During the blastula stage, specific genes are activated; hence there is appearance of new proteins. What concept? Question #2. Catfish collected in the polluted waters of Pampanga River were found to have ruptured and vascularized brain. What concept?
- The following choices are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. A secondary embryo is formed when a second dorsal lip of blastophore is grafted into an embryo. What concept? Question #1. Retinoic acid, when used by pregnant women causes developmental abnormalities. What concept?The following are various developmental phenomena relating to the concepts and principles in developmental biology. A. Concept of apoptosis B. Concept of prefomed guidelines C. Concept of programmed gene action D. Concept of capacity E. Concept of fate F. Concept of environmental influences G. Concept of induction H. Concept of progressively formed guidelines I. Concept of Differentiation J. Concept of guidelines K. Concept of Gradient L. Concept of differentiation Question #1. During the cleavage stage, the masked messenger RNA from the developing oocyte controls the cleavage patterns. During the blastula stage, specific genes are activated; hence there is appearance of new proteins. What concept? Question #2. Catfish collected in the polluted waters of Pampanga River were found to have ruptured and vascularized brain. What concept? Question #3. Stem cell technology is based on the principle that an undifferentiated cell is totipotent. What concept?What are morphogens, exactly? Explain how they affect the patterning of tissue throughout embryonic development. Give 4 concrete instances to back up your claims.