Give a detailed mechanism of action of a name drug or agonist that results in positive inotropic changes in the cardiac cell.

Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by: Group of answer choices blocking the action of calcium. increasing heart contractility. causing a decrease in stroke volume. causing threshold to be reached more quickly. more than one of the above.

Describe the mechanism of action of intravenous injection of epinephrine or norepinephrine. What effect is expected on heart rate and blood pressure? How it affects blood vessels and circulation?

below are a number of scenarios. Please determine and explain how each will impact cardiac output.  A. Increase in ionotropic agents B. increase in body temperature  C. hypercalcaemia

In which of the following situations is calcium moving through a channel in the pacemaker membrane driven by concentration but against charge? O during the repolarization phase of the action potential, just before the channel closes O during the depolarization phase of the action potential, just after the channel opens O never O at all times that sodium is moving through the membrane O during the repolarization phase of the action potential, just after the channel opens O during the depolarization phase of the action potential, just before the channel closes O during the pacemaker potential, just before the funny channel closes

The standard EKG consists of 10 sensors that record 12 leads of the heart’s electrical activity from different angles, allowing for a thorough three-dimensional interpretation of its activity. This is transmitted by the electrodes to the equipment to be interpreted and is used to diagnose cardiac medical conditions. In case of an abnormal EKG, the second step would be to use a Holter monitor. How would you explain to your classmates how to perform an EKG (steps)? Where will you place the electrodes when performing and EKG? Why? What are the different lead types, connections, and placements? When you conclude an EKG, what are the different components that you need to observe and confirm before you disconnect the patient? Can you explain the difference between normal, abnormal, and artifacts? What is a Holter monitor? Under what circumstances would one be ordered for a patient? How do you use a Holter monitor? Educate a patient: What you will do before, during, and after an…

Describe the conduction pathway of the heart, and discuss two examples of disease states where conduction is altered  Provide examples  provide steps

V09

A patient with chronic-stable angina begins taking metoprolol, and once blood levels reach the therapeutic range the frequency and severity of angina attacks and the need for sublingual nitroglycerin were reduced. Which of the following states the direct pharmacologic action by which the beta-blocker produced the desired effects? Decreased myocardial oxygen demand Dilated coronary vasculature Directly inhibited angiotensin II synthesis Reduced total peripheral resistance